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Dr JOBAH UBMJHTi 






y t 



CPnCKH nPOBJlEM 



(CA 4BE KAPTE) 



y HEorpA^y 

,U' 5KABHA mTAMEAP H.TA KPAAEBHHE CPBH.TE 

1908 



UEHA 1*50 AHH. 



— ' - » * 

3 ? %"7- 



YBOH 



nocjie,aH>Mx aeueHMJa Hnje 6mjio aora^aja, 
kojm je M3a3Bao tojimky y3pyjaHOCT Me^y 6aji- 
KaHCKMM HapojiMMa m jipKaBaMa, a HapoHMTO m 
Ha npBOM MecTy y cpncicoM Hapoay, Kao aHeKcnja 
BocHe m XepueroBMHe, Kojy je Aycrpo-YrapcKa 
caMOBJiacHO M3BpuiMjia KpajeM cenTeM6pa OBe 
rojiMHe. Taj hmh y6nja Bepy y BpejiHOCT Me^yHa- 
pojiHMX yroBopa, noKa3yje na cy Majie seMJbe Kao 
Cp6nja m UpHa Topa, He caMO ckohomckm CKopo 
3aryiueHe, Hero h nojiMTMqKH Heo6e36e^eHe ; H>MMe 
ce Ha eKjiaTaHTaH HannH Bpetja npHHunn HauwoHaji- 
hocth, jep ce ,ae(J)HHMTMBHO CTaBJba noa Ty^HHCKy 
ynpaBy He nepM^epnjcKM Befc ueHTpajiHH h eTHO- 
rpacJ)CKH Hajjann aeo cpncKora Hapo.ua, kojm je 
Befc no^ejbeH Ha ce^aM Koje ynpaBa Koje ap^aBa. 
flajbe je 36or aHeKcnje BocHe h XepueroBMHe h 
iiinpHM cjiojeBHMa nocTao jacaH TeuiKM Haujno- 
HajiHO-nojiMTMqKH nojioacaj cpncKO-xpBaTCKora Ha- 
po.ua, Kora HMa oko aeceT MHjinyHa h pejbecJ)HO 
ce carjieaao H>eroB, MHane 3HaTH0 3aruieTeH, Hauw- 
OHajiHH npo6jieM. HanocjieTKy je yxBaTHJio KopeHa 
ayCoKO ocefcaH>e aa 3a cpncico-xpBaTCKH Hapoa 
HacTajy bcjimkh flora^ajw, kojm ce MOK.ua Mory 
caMO 3a HeKO BpeMe oajiokhtm. 

rio3HaTO je KaKO je TeiiiKO pa3yMeTM ocefcaH>a 
m Te>KH>e Hapoaa, kojm y MHoroMe Mopa aa ApyK- 
HMJe ocefca m mmcjim ho yje,n.MH>eHM KyjiTypHM Ha- 



£-!> .10 BAH HBMJHTv 



pojiM ocTajie EBpone. ApyKqnja cy ocefcaH>a m 
.npyKqnja je jiornKa ko,h ohmx kojm naTe ho ko,h 
ohmx kojm cy cpe^eHM m kojm peuiaBajy. Bnuie 
nyTa ce pa3Bnjy JbyTe 6op6e caMO 36or Tora iiito 
ce nojeflMHUM mjim Hapo^M He pa3yMejy Metjy co- 
6om. KopwcHO je noKyiuaTH cnopa3yM m ca Bpjio 

erOHCTHqHHM H 3aT0 jeflHOCTpaHMM npOTMBHMKOM. 

TaKBa pa3MHUJjbaH>a cy Me HaBejia jia noKyuiaM 
H3HeTM norjieae Hapo.ua, qnjn caM qjiaH, Ha aHeK- 
cnjy BocHe h XepueroBHHe, m aa noKyuiaM npea- 
cTaBMTM HaunoHajiHM npo6jieM cpncKO-xpBaTCKora 
Hapo.ua. Te>KHO caM aa to yqwHMM o6jcktmbho, 6e3 
HaunoHajiHHX npeapacyfla, ajiM c ohom ouitpmhom 
h npeu,H3H0Ujtiy, Koja je 3a mctmhmto o6aBeuiTa- 
BaH>e m cnopa3yMeBaH>e noTpedHa 1 ). 

y npBOMe fcy oaejbKy npeacraBMTM 6e3M3Jia- 
3aH h HeyTeuiaH ckohomckm nojio>Kaj y kojm ao- 
Jia3e Cp6nja h UpHa Topa nocjie aHeKCMJe ; y apy- 
roj rjiaBH je craTMCTMqKa CKMua Hapoaa cpncKora 
je3MKa m 3Haqaj kojm 3a Taj HauMOHajiHM KOMnjieKC 
MMajy BocHa m XepueroBMHa ; y jiajbMM ojiejbUMMa 
ce jejiHO 3a jipyrMM npeacTaBJbajy : ayx m cMMcao 
aocajiaiiifoe aycTpoyrapcKe ynpaBe y Bochm m Xep- 
ueroBMHM, rapaHTMJe mjim MMHMMyMM TepMTopMj'e, 
kojm cy noTpe6HM 3a kmbot m ckohomckm pa3BMTaK 
Cp6MJe m UpHe Tope m HanocneTKy rjiaBHe jiMHMJe 
o npo6jieiwy cpncKO-xpBaTCKora Hapojw m Be3a M3- 
Me^y Tora npo6jieMa m aycrpMJCKe MOHapxMJe. 



— -s*s- 



*) OBa je pacnpaBa cnpejvubeHa 3a CTpaHy ny6jiHKy, a cpncKH 
ce lUTaMna Bpjio Mano H3MeH>eHa. 



'«': 



%•"■ 



AUEKCHJA BOCHE H XEPIJErOBHHE 



reorpa(|)CKN n ckohomckm no/iomaj Cp6nje 

Ha jeAHOM Bp^io BajKHOM h TeoiKOM reorpa*- 
ckom no^ojKajy 4>opMHpa^a ce y npBHM AeceTn- 
HaMa npoiu^ora Bena Hosa Majia no^HTH^Ka Tepn- 
TopHja, Basa^ TypcKe, KHeHceBHHa Cp6nja. OHa 
3ay3HMa cpeaninHH noAoma,] y ceBepHOM 4,ejiy 
Ba^KaHCKora IIo^yocTpBa, Kpo3 kojh npo^asn Haj- 
Ba^HHja KOMyHHKai^HOHa apTepnja IIo^yocTpBa, 
MopaBCKo-BapAapcKa ^HHHja, Koja Besyje cpeAH>y 
EBpony c TypcKOM, Ma^oM Ashjom, ^oijHHJe h 
ca CyeuKMM KaHa^OM. 3eM^>HiiiTe Cp6nje je Ha- 
rHyTO c Jyra Ha CeBep, CBe Behe peKe Teny y tom 
npaBijy h H>wxoBe cy ao^uHe OTBopeHe npeMa 
4yHaBy. Cp6nja je aaicae no reorpa<&CKOM no^o- 
Htajy BHnie AyHaBCKa Hero 6a^KaHCKa 3eMJba, 3a r riiM 
je s6or ueHTpa^Hor no^oncaja h MopaBCKe AOJivsne 
Ba>KHa TpaH3HTHa aeM^ba H3Met)y cpe4H>e h 3ana- 
4He EBpone h EUnjKer HcTOKa. 

H Basa^Ha Cp6nja 6mab, je OTBopeHa npeMa 
aycTpnjcKoj MOHapxnjn n 6«./iaje Ha H>y TproBHH- 
ckh 3HaTHO ynyheHa. H>eHe eKOHOMCKe Bese ca 
AycTpo-YrapcKOM Hucy Taaa hh oTencaBaHe hh cnpe- 
naBaHe. Ochm Tora, Cp6nja je, Kao 4eo BedHKe 
rypcKe uapeBHHe, 04p>KaBa4a c ocTa^HM Ae^OBHMa 
ibeHHM Bp^o muue TproBamce Be3e. HMajia je aaK^e 
y cBHMa npaBUHMa c^o6oaho eKOHOMCKO:. h Tpro- 



{ 



I) R-P JOBAH UBHJHi; 



Ba^Ko KpeTaH>e. EIpeKO Typcne BocHe h Xepijero- 
BHHe tohh^h cy TproBijH porary CTOKy h mwra, h 
3a JaApaHCKo IIpHMopje, HapoqnTO 3a 4y6poBHHK. 
Oa KOMyHHKai^nja, KojK&ia je Cp6nja n3Aa,suAa, Ha 
JaApaHCKO Mope, ocoSiiTy je y^ory HMao cTapn 
TproBaqKH ApyM, kojh oa MoKpe Tope boah npeno 
4>oqe h Bn^eha h kojh je Ha npn^O/KeHOj KapTH 
o6ejiemen. H>HMe ce ca ctokom oa rpaHHue Cp- 
6nje Ha Monpoj Topw 3a qeTHpn — neT AaHa moi\ao 
cthHh y JaApaHCKo IIpHMopje. 

Oa Bep^HHCKor KoHrpeca no^o>Kaj Cp6nje, n 
aKO je uocra^a caMOCTa^Ha i:pa./beBHHa, y neKO- 
.ahko h 36or Tora uito je nocTa^a caMocTa^Ha h 
osHaqeHH ueiiTap h KpHCTa^H3auHOHa Ta^Ka cpn- 
CKor HapoAa, nocTaje HecpaBH>eHO TejKH. Oa OBora 
4>aTa^Hora KOHrpeca 3a cpncKH HapoA no^ojKaj 
Cp6nje je TanaB Aa AycTpo-YrapcKa HMa MoryhHocTH 
Aa cnpe^H j&avl Aa 0Ay3Me Cp6njH yaAOBe 3a npaBii 
eKOHOMCKH II Ky^TypHH pa3BHTaK, h Aa, He npn- 
CBajajyhw <i>opMa^Ho TepHTopnjy Cp6nje, HanpaBH 
oa H>e cBora eKOHOMcuor h no^HTH^Kor Ba3a^ia. Ha 
Bep^HHCKOM KoHrpecy je Aaicae reorpa«i>cKH h eKO- 
homckh uoAoma.] Cp6nje Ha H>eHy urreTy 3Ha r rHO 

H3MeH>CH. 

Kao no^HTHqKO-TepiiTopHja^iHH pe3y4 r ra r r OBora 
KOHrpeca jaB^bajy ce OBe HAeje ii OBa <i>aKTa: 
na8H^o ce caMO Ha HHTepece se^HKHx CH^ia; 
aiajie 6a^iKaHCKe ApncaBe caMO cy Kpo3 Te HHTe- 
pece h npeKO ohhx Be^iHKHX CH^ia, Koje cy 3a h>h- 
xoBy TepHTopnjy Hajjaqe 3aHHTepecoBaHe, MaH>e 
har BHuie TepHTopnja^iHO Ao6nja^e. 4a^e, cnpe- 
qeHO je Aa y ceBepHOM Ae^iy Ba^iKaHCKora IIo.iy- 
ocTpBa nocTaHe HenpeKHAaH hh3 CAOBeHCKHX AP>Ka- 
BHua THMe uito je AaT MaHAaT AycTpo-yrapcKoj Aa 
OKynupa BocHy h XepueroBHHy. TaKO nocTaje jeAHa 
Be^iHKa CHjia, Hajnpe npHBpeMeno, caAa, nooae aHen- 
cHje h cTa^Ho, 6a^KaHCKa ApJKaBa. 



AHEKCHJA BOGHE H XEPIJErOBHHE 



II04 yTHijajeM thx HAeja, h 36or uoc4e4H>e 
TepHTopaja^He npoMeHe, Cp6nja a. IJpHa Topa cy 
TepHTopHja^Ho OHaKaHceHe n eKOHOMCKH BesaHe. 
Hnje^Ha HHje ao6uasl hh oho^ihko TepnropHje ko- 
auko cy ft»HX0Be BOjcKe 0CB0JH4e m 4p>Ka^ie npe 
Bep^HHCKora KoHrpeca. He caMO 4a je cnpeqeHO 4a 
ce OBe 4Be 4p»<aBHue TepwTopHJa^Ho cacTaBe, Beh 
je 4>opMHpaHa H3Mei>y h>hx ysaHa no^HTHmta Te- 
pHTopuja, Koja je 406114a naie HoBona3apcKn CaH- 
ijaK, h, pa^H Behe cHrypHOCTH 4a ce Cp6nja h IJpHa 
Topa He cacTaBe, y H>era cy yin^H, nope4 TypcKe 
ynpaBe h Bojcne, aycTpnjcKH rapHHBOHH. Cp6«ja 
je 4o6H^ia Henpnpo4He h reorpa<*>cKe h eTHorpa<&CKe 
h no^HTH^Ke rpaHHue h He caMO 4a HHje 406114a 
H34a3a Ha Ja4paHCKO Mope, 40 hhjhx ce o6a4a 
npocTHpe je4HOCTaBan cpncKw Hapo4, Beh HHje 6114a 
rocno4ap HHje4Hora cBor eKcnopTHor npaBija. 4 0K 
je 40 Bep^HHCKor yroBopa HMa^a AycTpo-YrapCKy 
Kao rpaHHqHy 4pncaBy caMO 4y?K ceBepHe rpaHHije, 
04 OKyiiaunje BocHe h XepueroBHHe 406114a jy je h 
Ha3aua4y. 3ana4Hy rpaHHijy Cp6nje je AycTpo-Yrap- 
CKa 04Max noaae Bep^HHCKor KoHrpeca hs no4HTH4- 
khx pa34ora cKopo xepMeTimKH 3aTB0pH4a. Cponja 
je H3ry6n4a h cTapn TproBa^KH nyT 04 Monpe Tope 
npeno 4>oqe 3a 4y6poBHHK h thmc OHaj, paHHje 
c^o6o4aH H3./ia3 Ha Ja4paHCKo Mope. Cbc rpaHHije 
Cp6nje h CBe KOMyHHKaunje, KojHMa 611 0Ha Morvia 
CTajaTH y ckohomckoj h TproBaqKOj Be3H ca ope4- 
h>om h 3ana4HOM EBponoM nocTa^ie cy 3aTBopeHe 
AycTpo-YrapcKOM. Cp6njH 6h ochm obhx rpaHnua 
ocTa^a caMO joni 4Ba, HCTHHa jaKO 3ao6H4a3Ha, 
npaBua, KojHMa 6h y cayqajy BeAUKe Hync4e mo- 
i\aa CTynHTH y eKOHOMCKe h TproBaqne Bese c 
ohhm CBeTOM, kojh TpouiH H>eHe 3eio>opa4HnqKe 
h cToqapcne npo4yKTe. Th cy eiccnopTHH npaBuu : 
je4aH HH3 4y HaB 3a npncTaHHiuTa IIpHora Mopa, 
a 4pyrn 04 Bpaa>a npeno Co^yHa 3a Me4HTepaH- 



fl-P JOBAH UBHJHTv 



CKe, HapomiTo HTa^iHjaHCKe iiiijaue. A^h Ha npBOM r 
BajKHHjeM eKcnopTHOM npaBuy HaH^a3H ce Ha bh- 
coKe TaKce 3a npo^ia3 ^al>a Kpos r BepAaii, Koje 
oneT noTHHy oa Bep^HHCKor YroBopa, a Ha Apy- 
roM cy join Behe, cnopo HecaB^aA^HBe reuiKohe. 
H je4He h Apyre hy AOijHHje A^Ta^HO mAomuTii. 
IIocthivio ce 4,aK^ie Aa je Cp6nja noc./ie Bep^nn- 
cKor KoHrpeca 6n.aa eKOHOMCKH noTnyHo 3aTBopeHa 
h MOivia je HMaTH caMO ohojihko eKOHOMCKe h no- 
AUTi/mKe caMOCTa^iHocTH ko^hko 6h ce AooaAa^o 
H>eHOM HajBeheM cyceAy, AyajiHCTHHKOj MOHapxnjn, 
noA kojom je HajBehH aeo cpncKora HapoAa 11 
Koja je cTa^HO no^HTHqKH iipothbhhk Cp6nje. y 
EBponn HeMa 4,p»caBe Koja 6h iiMa^a Tano pfyaB 
eKOHOMCKH ncaoHcaj o6e^enceHHx oco6HHa Kao ihto 
ra je Cp6nja Ao6n./ia Ha Bep^HHCKOM KoHrpecy. 
Flocae oBora KOHrpeca Cp6nja je Aaiue 6uAa, 
CKopo ouKOJbena 3eMA>a, a mh cmo nocTa^H yxa- 
uvxen napod. 

H3HeMor^a 04, 4Ba paTa, Koje je npea Bep^iHH- 
ckhm KoHrpecoM BOAH^ia c TypcKOM, nopaaceHa 
pe3y^TaTHMa OBora KOHrpeca h noA yrHijajeM 3a H>y 
HeiiOBO^bHHX onniTHX no^HTHHKHX npn^HKa, Tano- 
3BaHa He3aBHCHa Kpa^>eBHHa Cp6nja noTna^a je 
noc^e Bep^HHCKor KoHrpeca noA eKOHOMCKH a 
3aTUM h ucmhthhkh yTHuaj AycTpo^YrapcKe, no- 
CTa^a je totobo H»eH Ba3a.A. 3aK./byqeH je c 
AycTpo-YrapcKOM noBO^aH tptobbhckh yroBOp, 
kojh je H3i\ieAao Kao npBa eTana 3a ijapiiHCKii 
caBe3, h ueo eKOHOMCKH h^hbot Cp6jije hbpcto ce 
Be3ao 3a Aya^HCTH^Ky MOHapxnjy; eKcnopT je 
6ap npHBHAHO 6ho nor^aBHTO iipeMa EleuiTH h 
Beqy ynyheH, y cTBapw je Behn ^eo H>eroB caMO 
npo^a3HO upo3 AycTpo-YrapcKy h KpeTao ce npe- 
Ma AHBepcy, PoTepAaMy h HeinaqKHM npncTaHH- 
uiTHMa. 3aK^>yqeHa je 6uab, c AycTpo-YrapcKOM 11 
BojHa KOHBeHijHja, no KOjoj ce Cp6nja oApen^a 



AHEKCHJA BOCHE H XEPHErOBHHE 9 

CBaKor pa^a h CBaKe Be3e ca Bochom h Xepue- 
roBHiiOM. IJeo no^HTH4KH h«hbot Cp6nje cTajao je 
noa CKopo HCK^yqHHM yTwuajeM AycTpo-YrapcKe; 
iuTa BHine OHa je H3a3HBa^ia h MHore 04 yHyTpaiu- 
H>HX dojihth^khx 4oral>aja. O obomb je CTan>y <&paH- 
iiycKa ay6^iHKa noTnyHO o6aBeniTeHa omkhhom pac- 
npaBOM Reni Pinon-a no4 HaaaoBOM Le conflit au- 
stro-serbe, h ja 3aT0 Ha n>y ynyhyjeM 1 ). Hsr^e^a^o 
je 4a je ocTBapeHa H4eja ohhx bcahkhx CH^a, Koje 
cy Ha Bep^HHCKOM KoHrpecy 6uao HajMohHHje h 
Ap^Ka^ie 4a he Cp6aja nocTaTH caMo eKOHOMCKo-no- 
•ihth4Kh Ba3a^i AycTpo-YrapcKe, aByrapcKaPycnje. 
TloA thm yTHqajeM Cp6nja je 6ua& CBe 40 no- 
caeAH>MX 10 — 12 ro4HHa. CKopo ijeo Hapo4 y Cp- 
6hjh 6ho je HajoA^y^HHje npoTHBaH hobom eico- 
homckom h no^HTHHKOM Ba3a.acTBy h, He yBHfyajyhn 
h TejKaK reorpa^CKH h eKOHOMCKH no^oHcaj Cp6nje 
noc./ie Bep^iHHCKora KoHrpeca, CB04HO je CBe 're 40 
rafyaje caMo Ha 4HHacTHjy h CMaTpao hx je4HH0 
Kao noTpe6y 4HHacTiije h 4HHacTHqHe no^HTiiKe. Y 
Cp6njH ce c MyKOM B^a4a^o, 4eniaBa^H cy ce tcuikh 
yHyTpauiH>H 4orat>ajH. EIope4 xora noje4HHijM h nap- 
THje, HeMajyhn aobojliio MOpaAue h coi^HJa^He 4hc- 
UunJiiiHe Koja AOJiasii c KyjiTypoM, xto^h cy 4a ce 
noTnyHO Hanrpajy ayTOKpaTCKHx h 4eMOKpaTCKHX 
40rMH h cyjeTa. Hawa 3eMA>a daje KAaciman upuMep 
nano pfae zeozpacficKu u enoHOMcnu uoAooicaj Mootce 
da u3a3oee u ynyTpawwy anapxujy. HnaK HMa je4Ha 
4o6ht, Kojy je Cp6nja HMa^a npBnx ro4HHa noc^e 
Bep^HHCKorKoHrpeca: HMajyhn noBO^aHTproBHHCKH 
yroBop c AycTpo-YrapcKOM h, yTBp4HBinH no&ieHyTH 

nOJIHTHMKH 04HOC C OBOM MOHapXHJOM, OHa je 6UA& 

p:ao y HeKoj uojihthhkoj 3aBeTpHHH h HnaK je KyA- 
TypHO h npHBpe4H0 Hanpe40Ba^a; y obom BpeMeHy je 
CTBopeH 3HaraH 6poj BajKHnx Ky^xypHHx TeKOBHHa. 



! ) Ren6 Pinon. l/Europe et l'empire Ottoman. Paris. 1908. p. 397-444. 



10 fl-P JOBAH UBHJHTv 

IIpHCTHrvie cy hobb reHepannje, ocTa^o je no- 
jeAHHai^a kojh Hncy 6h.ah Mopa^HO caoMJbeHH pa- 
hhjhm 4orai)ajHMa, jaBH^ie cy ce hobb eHeprnje a 
y hcto BpeMe HacTajy h 04«/iyHHH npBH Kopaijn 3a 
eMammnaiuijoM 04 AycTpo-YrapcKe. To je Hapo^HTO 
ojaqajio noc^eAH>Hx 4 — 5 roAHHa, a AOHeK^e je y 
Bean h c yBot)ea>eM npaBora KOHCTHTyuHOHa.AH3Ma 
HaMecTo AOTaAanm>er .inqHor peatHMa. 4ok npe 
10 — 12 roAHHa AycTpo-YrapcKa HHJe CKopo HHKa4 
npaBH^a cMeTH>e cpncKOM HSBosy h HHje 3aTBapa^a 
ceBepHy rpaHHijy Cp6Hje, je^HHa eKOHOMCKa BpaTa 
Cp6nje noc./ie Bep^HHCKor KoHrpeca, OHa je 04 npe 
10 — 12 roAHHa no^e^a 4a 3a6paH>yje hsbos cBHH>a 
h poraTe CTOKe. Kao noB04 ce HaB04e cTO*me 60- 
^ecTH, Koje ce yqecTaHo 040H4a jaBwbajy OTKa4 
noqnH>y Te>KH>e 3a eMaHunnauHjOM 04 AycTpo- 
YrapcKe. A^h HHje caMO THMe AycTpo-YrapcKa Ha- 
upaBiMa join 4y6jbHM airraroHH3aM kojh je H3Met>y 
»>e h Cp6nje Beh nocTOjao. H3i\ie4a 4a KJiepn- 
Ka^Ha 4ya^HCTHqna MOHapxnja HMa Heny Hapo*nrry 

CnOC06HOCT 4a Ce C BeAI/lKOM BeiUTHHOM H4eHTH- 

<i>HKyje ca CBaKOM Henony^apHOM CTpyjoM. 04aBHO 
0Mp3HyTa 04 nony^iapHHX rpyna y Cp6nJH, OHa je 
6n^a HenpnjaTe./bCKii pacno-AonceHa h npeMa cpn- 

CKOM K0HCTHTyUH0Ha^lH3My. 

4a 6h ce 0c.A0604H.aa 04 eKOHOMCKe h uoau- 
TH^Ke saBHCHOCTH, Cp6nja yqiiHH ropocTacaH Hanop 
h, npoTHBHO cboj TeHCHHH h 6e3H3^ia3HOCTH reorpa*- 
CKor no^OHcaja, yl)e y eKOHOMCKH h ijapHHCKH paT 
c AycTpo-YrapcKOM, kojh je Tpajao 4Be h no ro4HHe. 
H TeK y aBrycTy 0Be ro4HHe saK^by^eH je HCTHHa 
TproBHHCKii yroBop H3Met)y Cp6nje h AycTpo-Yrap- 
cKe, s,avi TaKo M&Ae Bpe4H0CTH 4a ce ckohomckh 
paT h 4a^>e ^aTeHTHO HacTaBJba. 3a BpeMe ua- 
pnHCKor paTa ce noKa3a^o 4a cy eKcnopTV Cp6nje 
h HH3 4yn&B n npeMa Co^iyHy cTaB^>eHe Hacy- 



AHEKCWJA BOCHE li XEPUErOBHHE t t 



npoT SHaxHe cM6TH>e, Koje ncrrnqy hs Bep.AHHCKor 
YroBopa. 

Cp6Hja H3B03H TpH iviaBHe BpcTe npoAynaTa: 
cwpoBO h cyBo Bohe (Hapo^HTO cyBe njAHBel, JKHTa 
h cTOKy (HapoHHTO poraTy cTOKy h cBHH>e), y hobhj6 
BpeMe pi 40CTa hcmbkhc 

Iloc^e o6jaBe uapHHCKor paTa cyBe ui.&HBe h 
}KHTa moimh cy 6hth ynyheHH noiMaBHTO hh3 4y HaB 
y BpaH^iy h fa^iau, 04aK./ie cy Kpo3 IJpHo Mope, 
Bocnop h 4apAaHe^ie 4a*be pa3HoineHH. Taj eKcnopT 
je HaHinao Ha noMeHyTe BHCOKe Tance Ha r Bep4any. 
Ilo Bep^HHCKOM yroBopy AycTpnja je ao6hab. npaBo 
Ha pery4wcaH>e , Bep4ana h OHa je to iipaBO npe- 
He^a Ha YrapcKy no ueHy yHyTpamibHx KOMneH3a- 
uwja, y uoJHMa cy, Kao uito je no3HaTO, Te 3eM£>e 
HencupnHe. Yrapcna je pery4Hcan>e r Bep4ana pt>aBO 
H3Be^a, a 3aTHM je yBe^a BHCOKe Tance 3a npo.*a3 
^iai)a Kpo3 r Bep4an, no KOJHMa je CBHMa ocTa^HM 
4pacaBaMa 3naTHO OTeraaHa n^0BHA6a Ha 40ii>eM 
4ynaBy. O npBOM, qjacTO TexHH^KOM, nnTan>y ne 
Mory ce 4ynce 6aBHTH. 4oca4aniH>oM upancoM je 
40bo^>ho yTBpt>eHo 4a je peryjincaifceM r Bep4ana 
n^ioBH46a Bp^o Ma^o 4o6n^ia; Ma^a 406HT je no- 
r^iaBHTO y TOMe uito ce n^oBH46a uome 4a BpuiH 
Behn 6poj 4aHa y to4hhh Hero npe pery^ncan>a. 
Join HenoBo^>HHJe cy4e o toj pery-iaimjn TexmraKH 
cTpymbauH l ). 3a npo./ia3 6po40Ba pfyaBO pery^H- 
caHHM r Bep4anoM 04 Mo.MaBe 40 TypHe CeBepHHa, 



l ) G. V. Suppan, y ABAy ^Wasserstrassen und Binnenschiffahrt*, 
1902, Berlin, na cxp. 94. icaxe npoAasy Kpos xaj ago AynaBa : »Die Schif- 
fahrt ist derzeit ebenso schwierig, als vor der Regulirung und nur mit 
Beihilfe von Lotsen und unter Anwendung eines strengen Signaldien- 
stes moglich. Besondere Umsicht erfordert die Durchfahrt des quer zur 
Strdmung liegenden Juczkanales*. 

3a npoaaa icpoa Kara* Ha TBepaany, nnine hcth nHcan; Ha CTp. 95. 

»Nur die grbssten Zugdampfer kdnnen bei Anspannung ihrer 
Maschinenstarke auf 1000 KP einen 650 Tonnenschleppe mit 1,60 m. 



12 



;i-P JOB AH UBH.lli'K 



Ha 4JTHCHHH 04 104 km., n^aha ce Tance caMo 3a 
npaBO npo^a3a 20 xe^iepa 04 toho h KH^OMexpa 
6e3 ynoTpe6e peaiopKepa, a icaa ce ohh ynoTpe6e 
join 2,5 xe^iepa Ha TOHy n KH^iOMeTap. Ochm Te 
TaKce 3a 3anpeMHHy, 11a 6n^a .*ar)a HaTOBapeHa 
h^h He, n^aha ce Ha CBaKHX 100 KH^orpaMa po6e, 
Koja ce Ha 6po£y Ha^asn no 18 xe.4epa. Ys to 
4o6njajy hh^oth uavl ^oi^obh no 20 Kpyna 3a 24 
caTa. IIpeMa TOMe ^al)a HaTOBapeHa po6oM Ha npn- 
Mep 04 600 TOHa n^aha caMo TaKca 3a npo^a3 
ToepAanoM 1220 KpyHa; ano ynoTpe6n peMopnep 
ncTa he ^at)a n^aTHTH join 240 KpyHa. Mel>yTHM ce 
3a npenoc po6e n^aha caMo 0,34 40 1,30 xe^tepa 
04 TOHe h KH^ioMeTpa. 3HaHH 4aK^e 4a je TaKca 
sa npo^as y r Bep4any 2 — 7 nyTa CKyiiJba Hero iuto 
je no4B03Ha ueHa. Ha Te orpoMHe Tance Haninao 
je eKcnopT }KHTa h cyBnx uL/bHBa n3 Cp6nje 3a 
BpeMe aapwHCKor paTa, n cpiicKH npon3Bor)ami n 
TproBun Mopa^in cy HMara 3HaTHnx ry6nTana. 

Join je MHoro Tease uuiao c M3B030M mitse 
CTOKe. IIoniTo je 6vla& saTBopeHa cBa rpaHima 



Tiefgang und 450 t. Ladung in annahernd 1 Stunde bergwarts durch den 
Kanal schleppen. Zur Aufschleppung eines auf 1,80 m. getauchten 820 
Tonnenschleppes mit 666 Nutzlast waren zwei Zugdampfer mit zu- 
sammen 1600 KP und 67 Minuten Fahrzeit notwendig. Zum Zuge einer 
Tonne Nutzlast mussen somit rund 2,30 KP aufgewendet werden 4 . 

»Zur Bewaltigung der aussergewonlich starken Stromung in Eiser- 
nen Thor-Kanal miisste deshalb als Nothbehelf ein kunstlicher Schift'szug 
eingerichtet werden, welcher den der Schiffahrt ursprtinglich in Aus- 
sicht gestellten Yortheil eines off en en Kanales, die unbehinderte Schif- 
fahrt, aufhebt. Es ist sehr zu bedauern, dass alien diesen vielseitig 
vorausgesehenen Schwierigkeiten nicht durch Schaffung einer Schleusen- 
anlage begegnet wurde. Bei der Untersuchung der durch den Kanal 
geschaffenen Wasserabfiussverhaltnisse hat sich ubrigens ergeben dass 
daselbst durch Einbau yon Schleusen (npojeKi AyTepoB), die gleichzeitig 
als Stauwerke far eine Turbinenanlage zu dienen haten, etwa 20.000 
Pferdekrafte gewonnen und in elektrische Energie umgesetzt werden 
konnten*. 



AHEKCHJA bOCHE H XEPIJErOBHHE 13 



npeMa Aycxpo-yrapcKOj, OHaj crapw 4pyM npeKo 
4>o^e h Bn-ieha MHoro paHnje, o^Max noc.*e Bep- 
wiHHCKora KoHrpeca, CTOKa ce Mopa^ia npeHOCHTH 
je4HHO H^e^ie3HnuoM 40 CojiyHa, a o^aT^e ^a^aMa 
3a ErwnaT, Ma^iTy h Hapo^HTo 3a HTa^njaHCKe Tp- 
roBe, r4e je CTH3a^a noc^e 18 — 20 4&Ha. y3 to je 
join meAe3imu,a, 04 cpncKe rpaHHije 40 CojiyHa, 
Kpo3 TypcKy TepHTopwjy, y pynaMa aycTpujcKHx 
KanHTa^HCTa h c aycTpujcKOM a4MHHHCTpaijHJ0M, 
n TpaHcnopTHe TaKce cy Bpjio CKyne. HauocaeTKy, 

CpnCKH H3B03 je TOM .dHHHJOM CaMO 40H4e MO- 

ryhaH, 40K cmo c TypcKOM y npujaTe^CKHM 04H0- 
CHMa. Obhm nyTeM ce Mor^a h3bo3hth caMO poraTa 
CTOKa. IIpeHoc je4Hora roBeneTa us Cp6nje 40 TSe- 
HOBe KouiTa ca CBHMa TponiKOBHMa 55 — 60 4HHapa. 
3anpepa4y CBHH>eTHHe y KOHcepBe nocTojajie cy Kda- 
HHue, Hapo^HTO M04epHO, no aMepuKaHCKOM HaqnHy, 
ypel)eHa K^amma K04 Beorpa4a n KOHcepBe cy y 
pa3HHM npaBi^HMa n3BOJKeHe, HapoqnTo y <I>paHuycKy. 

HanocaeTKy je 6viao 3HaTHHX TeuiKoha h sa 
H3B03 CBemer soha, n oho ce y nonerKy uapHH- 
cKor paTa Mopa^o Bpjio jcbthho npo4aBaTH. 

Cp6nja je 4aK^e 04pe46aMa n KOH3eKBeHun- 
jaMa Bep^iHHCKoryroBopaeKOHOMCKH 3aTBopeHa Kao 
y Miiui040BUH 11 npe4a r ra Ha mhjioct h HeMiwocT 
4ya^HCTiiHK0j MOHapxHJH. AHeKcujoM BocHe h Xep- 
neroBHHe ranaB ce nojio>Kaj Cp6nje 4e<i>nHHTHBHO 

4>HKCHpa. 

IIoc^ie4H>HM HHHOBiiMa AycTpo-yrapcKe n By- 
rapcne 40 Kpaja je yHHiUTeH OHaj npnBpeMeHH pe4 
h OHa Aa,6\\Aua, paBHOTenca, kojh cy CTBopeHH Bep- 
jihhckhm YroBopoM h Ha ibHxoBo MecTO ce Mopa 

yCTaHOBHTH HOB TepHTOpHJadHH H eKOHOMCKH pe4 

y obom Kpajy EBpone. Ha Bep^HHCKOM KoHrpecy je 
CponjH HaMeTHyT onncaHH y6nTa^aH reorpa<&CKH 11 
eKOHOMCKH noAoma] h Cp6Hja Mopa Hajnpe, h c upa- 
bom, TpanciiTH 4a ce npn yTBpt)HBan>y HOBor pe4a 



14 4-P JOBAH UBHJHTl 



Taj no^ioJKaj y tom cMHaay M3MeHH iuto he ce och- 
rypaTH 6ap MHHHMyM yoaoBa, kojh cy joj 3a hchbot 
h pa3BHjaH>e noTpe6HH. Obh 6h ce y TOMe cacTO- 
ja^iH oito 6h Cp6Hja 4o6n^a H3BecHy TepirropHjadHy 
30iry y o6^acTH cpncKora Hap 04a, kojom 6m M3Aa- 
3Hjia Ha Ja4paHCK0 Mope. toj rapaHTHjn 3a mch- 
bot Cp6nje roBopn ce onninpHHje y IV r^aBH. Be3 
Te TepaTopHja^He 30He Cp6nja ce He MOJKe eKO- 
homckh pa3BHjaTH h Hanpe40BarH. 

IIope4 eKOHOMCKe nocTojn h ii04HTHHKa ona- 
CHOCT3aCp6njy. H>eHaMa^a ncMHTHHKa TepHTopnja 
ocTaje caMO 3a HeKO BpeMe 4a Bpuin y^ory TaM- 
noHa HSMe^y AycTpo-yrapcne n ojaHa^e HesaBHCHe 
KpawbeBHHe Byrapcne, Koja je 4BanyT Beha 04 Cp- 
6nje. TaKBa eKOHOMCKH yryuieHa no^HTH^Ka Tepn- 
Topnja He Moace ce 4yro Kao caMOCTa^Ha 04pjKaTH. 
Je4HOM 3auoHe.aa h 46«i>hhhthbho yBe4©Ha Ha Bsjl- 
KaHCKo IIo^yocTpBO, AycTpo-yrapcKa he HacTaBHTH 
3aBOjeBaqKy no^HTHKy npeMa Jyry. OHa He Moace 
TpneTH Ha cbojoj jyncHOj rpaHnun Ma^iy Cp6njy, 
Koja joj je Beh cbojom er3HCTeHijHjoM npoTHBHa, 
Koja Mopa H3a3HBaTH Ha4e cpncKO-xpBaTCKora Ha- 
po4a sa Hai*HOHa./iHOM caMocTa^Homhy h,' xTe^a mak 
He XTe^a, hhhhth cva^HO HecnrypHHM noaomaj 
AycTpo-yrapcne y Bochh h XepijeroBHHH. O TOMe 
Cy Ha T IHCTO HMnepHJa^HCTHqKH pacno^ioHceHH 4H- 
HacTH^HO-BOJHHHKH KpyroBH AycTpo-YrapcKe; y 
aycTpiijcKHM bojhh^khm HaconncHMa Bot)eHe cy npe 
Heno^HKo ro4HHa 4HCKycHje o npaBuy npo4npaH>a 
4a^>e npeMa Jyry h yTBpfyeHo je 4a nyT ne B04H 
Kpo3 ysaH, H3Me^y Cp6HJe h I[pne Tope yMerayT 
HoBonasapcKH CaHijaK, kojh je h 36or TepeHa sa 
Behe BOJHe eKcne4HijHJe je4Ba npoxo4aH, Beh npeKo 
Cp6nje, MopaBCKOM aoauuom. 

Hnje MHoro Man>a onacHocT 3a Cp6njy hh 04 
Byrapcne, Hapo^HTO ano HenpnjaTe^CKy aKijHJy 
npeMa CponjH 3anoMHe y cnopa3yMy c AycTpo- 



AHEKCHJA BOCHE M XEPUErOBHHE 15 



YrapcKOM. 06aBeuiT6HHM KpyroBHMa je noaHaTo 
4a ce ByrapcKa noa/ie4H>e 2 — 3 regime CTa^Ho 
HenpHJare^bCKH noHaiua^a npeMa Cp6njH, 4a je y 
ABa Max a, rpa>K[Ma Ma. KaKBHx noB04a 3a o6jaBy 
paTa Cp6fljH m 4a je y TOMe 6n.aa cnpeneHa caMO 
HHTepBeHUHjoM HeKHx Be^iHKHX CH^a. riorpeniHo 
je Ha Ba^KaHCKOM IIo^yocTpBy 0CTaB^>aTM 4a je4Ha 
Ma^ia 4p>KaBa 6y4e 4BanyT Beha 04 CBora cyce4a. 
Mupa he 6hth caMo OH4a ano ce CTporo na3H Ha 
TepHTopHja^Hy paBHOTeacy obhx mslaux 4pa;aBa. 



11) £-P JOBAH HBH.IHi; 



II 

3Ha<iaj BocHe h Xepi^eroBMHe 3a cpncKM HapoA 

tlpn yTBpt)HBaH>y rpamma Cp6nje h U,pHe Tope 
Ha Bep^HHCKOM KoHrpecy HHje ce 4aKjie na3H.A0 hh 
Ha TepHTopnja^Hy paBHOTemy hh Ha MHHHMyM Te- 
pHTopwje, kojh je noTpe6aH 3a jkhbot 4Bejy cpn- 
ckhx 4pJKaBima, Ha MOMeHTe o KOJHMa HHaqe nnaK 
h Haj<i>opMa^HCTHqHHja Awn^OMaTMJa B04H panyHa. 
Hcto cy TaKo cacBHM 3aHeMapeHa Hai^HOHa^Ha paB- 
HorejKa h Be^HKa HaunoHa^Ha npaBa, np«po4Ha 
npaBa je^Hora Hapcua. Ja npn OBOMe He mho/iiim 
Ha riOTnyHo H3Bot>eH>e npnHijHna nauHOHajiHocTH h 
11a TaqHO HauHOHa^Ho 0Met>aBaH>e 4pjKaBa. TaKBa 
MeTo^a, H3BG4eHa Ha je^HOM KOHrpecy h 3a H3Be- 
cHe KpajeBe, motab, 6h MOJK^a 4a H3a30Be 4pvra 
HaqHOHa^iHa nuTatta h no3HaTe npoTHBHocTH y 
EBponn, Koje ce TH^y iiepH^epnjcKHx o6./iacTH 11 
nepH<i>epHjcKHx ^e^OBa noje4HHnx Hapo4a. Aau Kao 
ueocaopsLHMUHUMyM npHHUHna HaijHOHa^HOCTH Mopa 
Bpe4HTH to 4a ce He cMe 4aTH TyfcjHHy, CTpaHOJ 4p- 
HcaBH, ueHTpa^Ha o6^iacT h je3rpo je4Hora Hapo4a, jep 
to 3Haqe BocHa h XepueroBHHa 3a cpncKH Hapo4. OHe 
4aKjie HMcy 3a Op6Hjy h cpncKH Hapo4 oho hito cy 
E^3acnjloTpHHrHja3a 4>paHuyse uau TpeHTa h TpcT 
3a HTa^HjaHe iuh a^nnjcKe aycTpHjcite o6jiacTii 3a 
HeManny, Beh oho iiito je o6^acT MocKBe 3a Py- 



AHEKCHJA BOGHE H XEPUErOBHHE 17 

CHjy HuiTO cy HajqBpuihH 46AOBH HeMaqne h 4>paH- 
ijycKe sa osa 4Ba Hapo^a, ohh 4aK.ae 4©^obh kojh 
cy Haj6o^>H npeAcraBHHUH HeMa^ne h <&paiiuycKe 
pace. He cjcahhhth BocHy h XepijeroBHHy ca Cp- 

6HJOM H UpHOM TopOM UAU I1M He 4aTH ayTOHOMHy 

ynpaBy, Beh hx npe4aTH AycTpo-yrapcKoj, to 3HanH 
cTBopHTH ^a6n^Hy paBHOTeacy, naK^eHO CTaK>e, Koje 
He 4a MHpa hh BaBOjeBaqy hh HauHOHa^iHOM npe- 
TeH4eHTy h npoTHB Kora cy y cTa^HOj y36yHH CBe 
HtHBe cn^e je4Hora Hapo4a. TaKBe KOM6aHauHJe cy 
HaJBeha iiHTepHau,HOHa^Ha 6ecMHOAHua; 0He He caMO 
He ocnrypaBajy MHp, Beh cy AerAo cTa^HHX HeMHpa 
h onacHocTH 3a MHp, napo^HTO HaMeuiTeHO 6ype 
nyHO 6apyTa nope4 BeAvme BaTpe, Koja ra ca cbhx 
CTpaHa Anme. 

H aKo je onuiTe no3HaTo 4a cy BocHa h Xep- 
ueroBHHa o6^acTH qHCTO cpncKe pace, ja hy y 
KpaTKO npe4CTaBHTH h>hxob noAoma,] h 3Hanaj 3a 
cpncKH Hapo4. 

Cp6nja h [JpHa Topa cy Ma^ie o6^acTH Kpn- 
cTa4H3auHje ; y KOJHMa HHje cKyn^eHa hh je4Ha 
TpehHHa Hapo4a cpncKora je3HKa. Oko h>hx je hcth 
Hapo4, ^Hje je pacnpocTpaH>eH>e npe4CTaBwi>eH0 Ha 
npii^iojKeHoj eTHorpa^cKOj ckhuh. 

y Ta6./iHUH, Koja HHHce 4o^a3H, H3panyHaTO je 
ae^oKynHo CTaHOBHHuiTBO cpncKora je3HKa. 3a 
ocHOBy H3panyHaBaH>a yseTH cy nocae4H>H nonHCH 
CTaHOBHHmTBa ; na je npeMa npoi^eHTya^HOM npn- 
pauiTajy nsua^en 6poj CTaHOBHHuiTBa 3a 1908 ro- 
4HHy. y o6^acTHMa no4 TypcKOM, Orapoj Cp6njH 
{c HoBona3apcKHM CaHijaKOM) h ceBepHOM 4e^y Ma- 
Ke40HHje, HeMa Ta^HHx nonHca. Bpoj cpncKora CTa- 
HOBHHniTBa yTBpt)eH je Ha OBaj Ha^HH. O4 1900 — 
1906 ro4HHe CKyn^baHH cy y reorpas>CKOM 3aB04y 
Beorpa4CKor yHHBep3HTeTa noy34aHH no4aTijH, Koje 
cy cazau cpncKH CBenrreHHUH h y^HTejbH H3 thx 
KpajeBa. Bpoj Cp6a, yTBp^e» l? Ha ocHOBy h>hx, He- 

2 



18 fl-P JOB AH UBHJH'R 



cyMn>H6o je 3a ca4 HajTa^HHJH, a.*n nnaK mojkg 
6iith HeTaqaH sa 20 — 30.000. 3a CKoncKy o6^acT 
je HSHa^en 6poj CTaHOBHHniTBa mctom MeT040M no 
noAaTUHMa 3a 1905 ro4HHy, a^H caM ce CAymuo 
h ny6^iHKOBaHnM no4aTi*HMa K'H^OBa, kojh cy CKy- 
n^baHHnpe 1900 ro4HHe. 3a o6^acTH y TypcKOj Hnje 
napaqyHaBaTO 4aHaniH>e CTaibe CTaHOBHHiHTBa, jep 
je npHpaurraj HenosHaT. HeMaMO hh npu6Anmno 
TaqHHX noAaTana 3a CTaHOBHHniTBO cpncKora je- 
3HKa y CKaaapcKOM Kpajy. Ha ocHOBy paHHJHx no- 
AaTaKa 04 EnjaHKOHHJa 04 1885 roAHHe, Koje je 11 
JycTyc IlepTecoB Teorpa<i>CKH 3aB04 y Toth yuo- 
Tpe6no, 6kao je y tom Kpajy 70.000 Cp6a; no^a- 
sehw 04 OBor 6poja H3panyHao je nosHaTH ^eniKH 
eTHorpa<& Lubor Niederle 4a y CKa4apcKoj o6^acTH 
c ILiaBOM h TycHH>eM HMa oko 100.000 Cp6a; H3- 
iMe4a mh 4a je Taj 6poj, Kao h EHjaHKOHHjeB, spAO 
Be^iHKH, h 3aTo ra He yHOCHM y OBy t a6 Auuy ). 



*) Obo cy r^aBHe, MaxoH 3BaHH?He nyd^HKamije, H3 kojhx cy 
ysein 6poJHH noAau,n 3a OBy h caeAeke r^aBe: 

CTaTHCTHHKH roAHnmaK Kpa&eBHHe CpCfaje. (Annuaire statistique 
du Royaume de Serbie. IX. 1906. Belgrade). 

Hauptresultate der Volkszahlung in Bosnian und der Herzegovina 
von 12. April 1895. Sarajevo. 1896. 

Politische- und Gerichts-Eintheilung und Wohnorts-Repetitorium 
der Konigreiche Kroatien und Slavonien nach dem Stande 1. April 1903. 
Zagreb. 1903. 

Magyar statistikai kozlem^nyek uj sorozat I. kfltet (1902). 
A. Supan. Die Bevdlkerung der Erde. Europa. Erganzungsheft 
zu Petermann's Geogr. Mitt. Nr. 130. Gotha Justus Perthes 1899. 

TpH ijapcica M6MopaH4yMa o cpncKO-npaBOcaaBHHM npHjiHKaiia y 
Bochh h XepueroBHHH. Hobh CaA. 1902. c. 160. 

Il,apHrpaACKa cnoaieHBiia, MOAda cpncKO-upaBociaBHor cBemieHCTBa 
i^apnrpaACKOJ BaceAeHCKOj naTpHjapmeJH. Hobh CaA. 1902. c. 138. 

IIpenHCiea H3Me^y HapoAHHx BO^a h cpncKO-npaBoaaaBHHx MHipo- 
noaHTa. Hobh CaA. 1901. c. 277. 

H3BemTaj o ynpaBu Bocne h Xepn,eroBHHe 1906. IIsAaao n;. h k. 
3ajeAHHHKO MHHHCTapcTBO *HHaHCHJa. 3arpe6. 1906. c. 609 



AHEKCHJA BOCHE H XEPIlErOBHHE 19 

OraHOBHHiiiTBO cpncKora je3HKa( 

napanyHaTo sa 1908 ,ro#. 

Cpffuja 2,750.000 

UpHa ropa oko 260.000 

Bochq u Xepufizoeuna 1,799.200 

Ma^apcua (BaHaT, BaHKa, Bapan>a 

c PujeKOM) 679.000 

XpearcKCt u CjiaeoHUJa 2,270.000 

AajiMaujuja 623.000 

Hcrpa 155.000 

Crapa Cpffuja (noiviaBHTO no no- 

4aiuiMa 04 1900 — 1906 ro4.) 

1) Hoeoua3apcKu Cauy,aK, Kocoeo 
u Meroxuja 40 IIIap-ii^aHHHe 

oko 450.000 

Cnoucna oSjiacr (Ka3e: cKoncna, 
TeTOBcna, KyMaHOBcna, npe- 
uieBCKa, KpaTOBCKa, KpuBona- 
wiaHaHKa, KonaHCKa, nexneB- 
CKa, uiTuncKa h pa^oBHiiiKa) 280.000 

2) ManedoHUja (y kojoj HMa oko 
1,000.000 MaKe^oHCKHx Cao- 
BeHa, 04 kojhx ce eBeHTya^HO 
Mory y Cp6e ypaqyHaTH Haj- 
Maibe:| 300.000 

CBera . . 9,656.20c 1 ). 

O4 OBora 6poja hmho KaTo^Hi^H 2,915.600 
Pa^ii nope^eiba eBO n Ta6^Hi^e 6poja noje- 

4HHHX O/lOBeHCKHX Hap04a no 4>^OpHHCKOM : 2 ) 

*) no noy34aHHM noAaijHMa Koje je yaoipe6no A, HHAep^ie, Cp6o- 
XpBaia HMa y AHepHUH h ocTaaoM CBeTy 250.000. Aso ce h ohh h OHaj 
HenoyaAaH 6poj Cp6a y cKaAapcKoj o6.aacTH AOAaAy ropaeM 6pojy OHAa 
AaHac HMa oko 10,000.000 Cptfo-XpBaTa. 

2 ) npotf. T. 4- ^opiHCKifi: C-iaBHHCKoe naeMfl. CTaTHCTireecKO- 
emorpaon^ecKm o63opi> caspeMeHHaro ciaBAHCTBa. KieBi>. 1907. 

2* 



20 fl-P JOBAH IIBHJH'R 



Pyca HMa AaHac 102,840.000 

IlOwbaKa • - - 19,200.000 

Cp6o-XpBaTa (no ropn>eM cpa- 

qyHaBaibyl 9,656.200 

C/ioseHaua (kojh npnna^ajy 
Jyroc^OBeHHMa h Bp.ao ce 
m&ao 04 Cp6o-XpBaTa pa3- 

^HKyjy) 1,475.000 

qexa 7,237.000 

Byrapa 5,440.000 

O/ioBaKa 2,671.000 

Hapo^a cpncKora je3HKa HMa oko 4eceT mh- 
wiHyHa. Oh no 6pojy 40.aa3H Ha Tpehe MecTo Met>y 
CUoBeHHMa, o^Max uooAe Pyca h Ilojb&Ka.. O4 He- 
Maqne rpamme 40 EJapnrpa4a HeMa Beher Hapo4a 
04 cpncKor. Behn je 4aK^e 04 Hexa, Mat>apa, 
Byrapa h Tpna. ro4HiHH>H npnpaiirraj cpncKora 
Hapo4a hbhoch oko 100.000; hcth je h^h B^ehn 
04 oko^hhx Hapo4a, a cna4a Met>y Hapo4e kojh 
HajBHUie npnpauiTajy. y tom Be^iMKOM KOMn^eKcy 
hjih eTHorpa«j>CKOj o6.aacTH cpncKora Hapo4a BocHa 
h XepueroBHHa HMajy ueHTpa^HH no^OHtaj. 

CBa Ta Hapo4Ha Maca 04 4eceT MH^nyHa ro- 

BOpH je4HHM J63HK0M KOJH je TO^HKO je4HOCTaBaH, 

Kao peTKO kojh y EBponn. O4 McTpe ua 4y6oKo 
y MaKe40HHJy Mory ce ceAaqn Met>y co6om cno- 
pa3yMeBaTH. Ochm Tora je caaBHCTHMa h 3Ha^qHMa 
jeSHKa no3Ha r ro, 4a HaBa^KaHCKOM Ilo^iyocTpBy HeMa 
Hapo4Hora je3HKa kojh je to^hko <*>opMHpaH n yca- 
BpuieH 3a JiHTepaTypy h HayKy Kao hito je cpncKH 
je3HK. FIpBH KfeHmeBHH cHOMeHHK cpncKora je3HKa 
nocTao je y Bochh 1189 ro4HHe, no3HaTO nncMO 
6aHa Ky^HHa. Haj^enme Hapo4He yMOTBopHHe no- 
CTa^ie cy Ha 3eMAnuiTy XepueroBHHe h Bochc Je- 
3hk XepueroBHHe y3eo je ocHHBa^aq cpncKora kh>h- 
HceBi^or je3HKa h HOBHje cpncKe ^HTepaType, Byn 
Ka,pa,y,ufi, sa KH>H>KeBHH je3HK cpncKora Hapo4a. 



AHEKCHJA BOCHE H XEPIJErOBHHE 21 

Taj hcth jesHK ycBOjeH je sa kh>hhc6bhh je3HK 
naT04HKa viAvi XpBaTa join y npBOj howIObhhh 19 
Bena. MHorH Haj3aaiy}KHHJH -*>y4H cpncKora Hapo^a 
nopeK^oM cy H3 BocHe h XepqeroBHHe. HeKO^HKo 
04 4aHanitt>nx Haj6oJbHX cpncKHx KH>HHceBHHKa, qnjH 
cy cnHCH pacnpocTpaiteHH h ijeiteHH no ije.AOMe 
cpncKOM Hapo^y, XepijeroBUH cy h BocamjH. CBaKO 
nay^HO npe4y3ehe y Beorpa^y Ha^a3H HajacuBAHX 
capaAHHKa y Bochh h XepijeroBHHH. O qe^HHH cpn- 
CKora Hapo4a h H>eroBHM HamiOHa^HHM TejKH>aMa 
HMa Hcxa cxBaTa«>a csa cpncKa HcypHa^HCTHKa, a 
totobo npe4H>a^H cpncKa jKypHa^iHCTHKa BocHe h 
Xepi^eroBHHe. IIope4 cbhx npenpena, Koje ce cTajiHO 
CTaBwbajy, ^HTepapne h Hay^He Be3e H3Me^y Beo- 
rpa4a c je4He h MocTapa, CapajeBa h Batba^yKe 
c 4pyre cTpaHe ocTajie cy hchbg h hhthmhc. 

Aau Hapo4 o6e^e>KeHora npocTopa Hnje BesaH 
caMO hcthm je8HKOM h .AHTepaTypoM. Ha BeheM 4e^y 
to reorpa^CKe npocropnje hoctojh cpncKo HaijHO- 
Ha^Ho ocehaibe h MHiiiwbeibe, Koje je y innpoKHM 
Hapo4HHM c^ojeBHMa TaKO jano Kao hh K04 je4Hora 
6a^KaHCKor Hap04a ochm Fpna. H HHTe./iHreHijHja 
je He caMO npecTa^ia 4a ce 4eHaqH0Ha4H3wpa (iia- 
l)apn3Hpa, Ta^HjaHH3npa) Beh je nocTa^ia MaxoM 
b^ao aKTHBHa h Hapo4HH boI). 4a^>e, no 3aje- 
4HHMKHM HCTopnjcKHM Tpa4HUHjaMa jacno ce oceha 
4a cy Hapo4 h Bninn Hapo4HH jkhbot cacTaBJbeHH 

He CaMO 04 JKHBHX ^H^HOCTH Hero H 04 MpTBHX H 04 

4oral)aja npom^ocTH. H ano HMa pernoHajiHHX pas- 
4HKa, HCTe cy ocHOBHe ncnxH^Ke oco6nHe Hapo4a 
iieAe o6eAemeHe o6^acTH, OHe CTBapa^iaHKe oco- 
6nHe Hapo4Hora 4yxa, Koje ce y cBeMy noKa3yjy: 
no^eBuiH 04 MOTHBa y opuaMeHTHUH h 04 Ha^HHa 
Ha kojh ce 3rpa4e h a^aivbHKe rpa4e na 40 no- 
r.ae4a Ha jkhbot, 40 OHe cyMe ocehan>a, npa3H0Be- 
pHija h ManiTaH>a, KOJHMa Hapo4 4aje ce6n paqyHa 
o CBeTy h HiHBOTy. H y OBOMe nor^e4y Hapo4 



22 A-P JOBAH UBHJHTl 



BooHe h Xepu;eroBHHe npeACTaB^>a je^aH 04 erao- 
rpas>CKH HajcBeHCHJHx h Hajja*mx Ae^OBa cpucKora 
Hapo^a h qHHH Hepa3£BOJHy ije^HHy c Hapo40M 
3anaAHe Cp6nje, HoBona3apcKor CaHijaKa h U,pHe 
Tope, kojh Haj6o^e npe4CTaBJba oco6hh6 cpncKe 
pace. KaA ce H3 ijpHoropcKHX Bp^a npefye y Xep- 
ueroBHHy He onanca ce y napo4y HHKaKBa, anco- 
Ayvuo HHKaKBa pa3./iHKa. Hcto je TaKO, Ka4 ce H3 
norpaHHqHHX KpajeBa Cpoiije npefye y BocHy umi 
y HoBonasapcKH CaHijaK. CKopoue^ocTaHOBHHniTBo 
3ana4ae Cp6nje nopeK^OM je H3 XepueroBHHe, 
BocHe h HoBona3apcKor CaHijaKa. 

H aKO je no^ewbeH H3Met)y ce^aM a^MHHHCTpa- 
UHja h Ma 4a cy KOMyHHKaijHOHe Be3e peTKo TaKBe 
4a HapoA ^aKO 40B04e y 6auhhi 404HP, nnaK je 
y HOBHJe BpeMe y noje4HHHM noKpaJHHaMa h o6^a- 
CTHMa cnoHTaHO 3acHOBaH eKOHOMCKH pa4, kojh je 
o6yxBaTHO SHaTaH 4eo Hapo4a ooe^eaceHe npocro- 
pnje. To cy 3eMJbopa4HHqKe 3a4pyre. opraHH3aijHje 
3aHaT^Hja h npnBpe4HHKa h HOBqaHH 3aB04H, kojh 
cy CTBapaHH no yi\ae4y Ha cAvmue 3aB04e y Cp6njH 
h Ha cpncKy eKOHOMCKy oprauHsaunjy y 3arpe6y. 
Taj eKOHOMCKH pa4 y Bochh h XepueroBHHH Hapo- 

^HTO Ce pa3BHO Met)y npaBOC4aBHHM CTaHOBHHLUTBOM, 

Koje je, Kao lhto je onnixe nosHaTO h Kao hito cy 
h 4aHauiH>H ynpaBHHii;H BocHe y BHUie npHjiHKa upn- 
3HaBa^iH, HaJHHTe^nreHTHHJe h Hajnpe4y3HMAH- 
BHje. TproBHHa He caMO BocHe h XepueroBHHe Beh 
h cyce4HHx o6./iacTH, na h 3ana4He Cp6aje noraa- 
bhto je y pyKaMa XepijeroBaua.. Hnr4e unje 04aHOCT 
h no3KpTBOBaH>e 3a Ky^TypHe h npocBeTHe HHTepece 
cpncKora Hapo4a TaKO pasBHjeHa Kao y XepueroBHHH 
h Bochh. UlTa BHiue BocaHqH h XepueroBUH cy y 
3HaTHOM 6pojy y^ecTBOBa^H y cBHMa paTOBHMa, 
Koje je Cp6nja y 19 BeKy B04H^ia pa4H CBor 00*060- 
^e«>a 11 QC.ao6ot)eH>a cyce4HHx o6^acTH. Ohh cy jom 
y xypcKo BpeMe, npe oKynaijHje, 4Hr^H Be^HKH 6poj 



AHEKCHJA BOGHE H XEPIJErOBHHE 23 

cbojhx upKaBa, uiKOjia a ocHOBa^n 4pyre upocBeTHe 
h Ky^TypHe ycTaHOBe, h Taj cy pa4 h noa/ie oKyna- 
ijHje HacTaBH^n; h ca4 HSApacaBajy cBOJe mKo^e h 
yqnTewbe h HHHe Be^HKa 3aBeuiTaH>a Ha eKOHOMCKe h 
npocBeTHe ijHwbeBe. HMajy h CBOjy npocBeTHy opra- 
HHBaijujy, Koja pacuodaace 3HaTHHM cpe^CTBHMa 3a 

IUKO^OBatt>e 4apOBHTHX 7 MAB,Y)VIX wby^H Ha yHHBep3H- 

TeTHMa. 

Ha ue^ioj TepHTopwjH cpncKora Hapo4a 3ano- 
qeo je ^aiue HHTeHSHBaH pa4 Ha Ky^TypHOM je- 
4HHCTBy, kojh je He3aBHcaH 04 36MawbCKHx ynpasa 

H MaXOM npOTHB H>HXOBe BOwbe, HapoqHTO y Bochh 

h XepueroBHHH. Hapo4 obhx 4Bejy o6^acTH je He 
caMO eTHorpa^cKn cBejK h je4ap, Beh 3HaTHO y^e- 
CTByje h y pa4y Ha Ky^TypHOM je4HHCTBy cpncKora 
Hapo4a. To je 4aK^e ijeHTpa.flHH h je4aH 04 Haj- 
4paroueHHJHx 4e^OBa cpncKora Hapo4a, cpue cpn- 
CKora Hapo4a. 

H4yhn H3 Cp6nje npeMa 3ana4y Hajnpe ce 
y ijeHTpa./iHoj Bochh HaHaa3H Ha KamAH^Ko CTa- 
hobhhoitbo cpncKora je3HKa. rpaHHija H3Met>y 
je4HocTaBHor npaBocaaBHor h MeuiOBHTor npa- 
Boc^aBHO-KaTOwiH^Kor CTaHOBHHHiTBa H4e y IMaB- 
HOMe pa3Bol>eM H3Mel)y peKa 4p**He 11 BocHe; Ta 
rpaHHua je Ha npn^omeHoj eTHorpa<&cKoj KapTH 
o6e^ea;eHa upBeHOM ^hhhjom. KaTO^n^KO CTaHOB- 
HHUiTBo BocHe h XepqeroBHHe ce 40 oKynaijwje 
oceha^o Kao ue^HHa c npaBoc^aBHHM. H3MeuiaHo 
c npaBoc^aBHHM, Koje npeo6,iat)yje, oho aotku y 
cpe4HHH HSMe^y XpsaTCKe, y kojoj BehHHy hhhh 

KaTO^HMKO CTaHOBHHUITBO, H Cp6»je C HCTOHHOM 

Bochom n XepijeroBHHOM, r4e cy HCKwbyMHO npaBO- 
a/iaBHH. H3 thx 4e^0Ba BocHe inome ce 4aK^e 3HaTHO 
yTHuaTH 4a ce HspaBHajy pa3^HKe CTBopeHe pa3- 

AVlWmM HCTOpHJCKHM paSBHTKOM H3Mel)y sana4HHx 

h hcto^hmx 3eMa^>a HCTora Hapo4a h 4a ce OHe 
jom HBpuihe cuoje, ho iiito je ca4 aayqaj, y je4Hy 



24 fl-P JOBAH UBHJHTv 



Ky^TypHy ije.AHHy. Obo thm npe h ^aKine iuto cy 
BehHHa XpBaTa h Cp6a h y XpBaTCKOj noKasa^H 4a 
cy He caMO ocgth^h noTpe6y 4a ce y3ajaMHO CHOce 
h Tpne, Beh h cuoco6hoct h yBH^aBHOcr 4a 3aje- 
4HHMKH pa4e. 4yx h CMHcao aycTpnjcKe OKynauHOHe 
ynpaBe 6ho je TOMe cacBHM npqraBaH : pacTaBJbao 
je h y4a^>aBao OBe Hap04He 4e^OBe Kao luto he 
ce BH4eTH H3 H4yhe r^aBe. 

Ha H3jiOHceHora je jacHO 4a cy BocHa h Xep- 
i^eroBHHa no Bpe4H0CTH Hapo4a, no n>eroBOM u;eH- 
Tpa^tioM noaoHcajy y eTHorpa^cKoj Macn cpncKO- 
xpBaTCKora Hapo4a h no 3ro4Hoj MeinaBHHH npa- 
Boc^afiHHx h KaTO^HKa Kwbyq cpncnora npo6./ieMa. 
Bes h>hx He Monce 6hth Behe cpncKe 4p»caBe. OHe 
cy HajBajKHHja o6^acT h sa peniaBan>e cpncno- 
xpBaTCKora h THMe jyrocaoBeHCKora nnTan>a. 



AHEKCHJA BOGHE H XEPIJErOBHHE 25 



Ayx h CMMcao aycTpoyrapcite ynpaBe y Bochm 

AycTpo-yrapcKa je ^pncaBa je^He ca&bhb h 
My4pe 4»HacTHJe. HbeHa TepHTopHja^Ha HOdHTHKa 
je hcto Tano nor^aBHTo no^HTiiKa 4HHacTHje. OHora 
qaca Ka4 H3ry6n cyBepeHCTBO hsla, je^HOM o6^auihy, 
OHa OAMax ynopHO, <3KH.AaBO Tpaacn 4a npomnppi 
cboj cysepeHHTeT Ha4 Ma kojom 4pyroM ofoainhy, 
r4e je MOMeHTaHO Haj^aKiiie, r4e je HajMan>H oTnop. 
To HHJe no^iHTHKa je4Hora BeAviKor 4p?KaBHor opra- 
HH3Ma, kojh, nyH cHare h HuiBOTa, Mopa 4a Temu 
3a TepHTopuja^HOM eKcnaH3HJ0M h cMHiiL/beHO 3ay- 
3HMa OHy o6^acT, Koja My 36n^>a Tpe6a. He ; 
aycxpHjcKa TepiiTopHja^iHa no^HTHKa je He^ornqHa, 
no r^aBHOj oco6hhh ope4H>eBeKOBHa. 

H3 TaKBHx MOTHBa, a CTHuajeM oco6hthx npii- 
^HKa, OHa je Ha Bep^iHHCKOM KoHrpecy 4o6u^ia 
npaBo 4a OKynupa BocHy h XepijeroBHHy. He 6h 
ra Mor^a 4o6hth 6e3 KpenKe noMohw, Kojy cy joj 
yica3a.4e HeManica 11 EHr^ecp;a, HapoMHTO upBa, 
3a Kojy je OKynauHja BocHe H3r.4e4a.Aa CHameibe 
HeMamtHx Tea;H>a h HeMa^Ke no^HTHKe. 3aBoje- 
Ban>e obhx cpncKHx 3eMajba Hiije 6uasl noTpe6a 
uinpoKHX Hap04HHX c^ojeBa AycTpo-YrapcKe ; Hucy 
ra meAeAu hh noje4HHH ckohomckh aaojeBH, hh 
HH4yCTpHJCKH h TproBaHKH. To je T^eAeAa, caMO 
4HHacTnja h 4BopcKO-BOJHHqKa CTpyja. IIIto je 



26 4-P JOBAH IJBHJH'R 



noc./ie CBpuieHor q«Ha 4a./ia Ha to npncTaHaK He- 
3HaTHa BehHHa nap^aMeHTa, to He Moace H3HeHa4HTH 
OHe, kojh 3Hajy Ma^iy BpeAHOCT OBora opraHa y 
AycTpo-YrapcKOj , HapoHHTO 3a cnowbHa nHTaiba; 
HanpoTHB, no3HaBaoue aycTpnjcKHx npH^HKa je 
HSHeHaAH^o uito to Hnje jeAHor^iacHO npHMwkeno, 

H TO je ynpaBO 6HJIO CHMHTOMaTHMHO. 

Pa3yM^>HBO je hito TaKBa He^ornMHa h Henpn- 
po4Ha HOjiHTHKa 3aBOjeBae>a HHje Moraa 4a HcnyHH 
CKopo HHje^Ho o6ehaH>e, Koje je Ha Bep^HHCKOM 
KoHrpecy HSHOCH^a Kao pa3^or 3a oKynaijHjy. 
Hajr^aBHHJH je pa3^or 6ho Taj uito 4a^MaunJH 
Tpe6a KOiiHeHO 3a^el>e — Hinterland, c kojhm 6h ce 
KOMyHHKai^njaMa Besaaa. Kano cy Be^une cuAe 
m&ao y3HMa^e y o63Hp Te»H>e Hapo4a BocHe h 
Xepi^eroBHHe, obo je aa h>hx moi\ao 6hth pa3.aor. 
Aak to o6ehan>e AycTpo-YrapcKa HHje wciiyHH^a. 
OHa 3a 30 roAHHa HHje ycne^ia 4a 6ap je4HOM 
H^e^esHHuoM Be3Ke oKynnpaHe 3eM„i>e c 4&«AMauH- 
jom; OBe cy 3eMJbe ocTa^e c r rpaHe je4Ha 4pyroj 
Kao uito cy 6H^e h npe OKynaijaje, uiTa BHine 
MecTHMHue cy 36or H3BecHHx no^HTaqKnx MOMe- 
HaTa nocTa^e joni 0Tyl)eHHje. Ochm Tora, He caMO 
40 Bep^iHHCKor KoHrpeca, Hero h 40 4aHac 4a^Ma- 
ijaja je ocra^a je4Ha 04 3eMa^>a Koje cy Ky^rypHo 
HajHa3a4HHJe, h to npH3Hajy caMH AycTpHJaHijH 
5 nap^aMeHTy, y JKypHa^HCTHUH, y 6pouiypaMa; 
Ha3a4HHja je 04 cbhx 6a^KaHCKHx seMaw&a Koje cy 
Ten noc^e Bep^HHCKor KoHrpeca nocTa^e cao6o4He. 
4aj>H pas^03H 3a oKynaijajy 6vlaia cy obh : AycTpo- 
yrapcKa Moace, Kao 4pncaBa bc-ahkhx cpe4CTaBa, 4a 
peuin arpapHo naTan>e h MOJKe 4a yHece Map h 
pe4 Mefyy Hapo4 pa3HHx Bepa, Mei)y xpninhaHe h 
MyxaMe4aHue, kojh ce Met)yco6Ho 6ope. H ; 40K cy 
Cp6nja h ByrapcKa, y KoJHMa je 6h^o hcthx arpap- 
hhx npn^HKa, noTnyHO peniH^e arpapHo nHTaae, 
h to 04Max noc^e Bep^HHCKor KoHrpeca, je4HHa ra 



AHEKCHJA BOCHE H XEPIJErOBHHE 27 

AycTpo-yrapcKa Hiije pemiua. He caMO 4a HHje 
ynejia pe4 h Mnp Mefyy cpncKH Hapo4 pa3Hi*x 
Bepa'H KOH^ecHja, Beh je Te hpothbhocth, Hapo- 
^hto H3Me^y npaBOc^aBHHx h MyxaMe4aHaua c 
je^He a KamaHKa c 4pyre cTpaHe, caMO 3aonjTpH^a. 

Kao uito HHje Mor^a h3bpihhth ropH>e sa^aTKe, 
TaKO HHje Moroia hm uutme yHeTH npaBy Ky^Typy n 
MHp y Bocny h XepqeroBHHy . AycTpo-YrapcKa MOHap- 
XHja hoch co6om nor^aBHTo H3BecTaH, cneun<i>HqHO 
aycTpnjCKH 4yx ynpaBe h KJiepHKa^HO - KamAnqKe 
TeH«ft»e. To je oho uito ce HapoqHTO oceha y 
H>eHOM cnowbHOM pa^y Ha Ba^KaHy, HapoqHTO y 
OKynupaHHM 3eMwbaMa. 

II04 aycTpHJCKHM AyxoM ynpaBe pasyMeM no- 
3HaTy cyBy aycTpnjcKy a4MHHHCTpaijHJy, 3araM cTpor 
no^HUHJCKH pe4. To je HajnoTnyHHjH pe>KHM TyTo- 
pHcaaa, 40 BHpTyo3HOCTH H3Be4eH y Bochh h 
XepqeroBHHii, Mome 6hth nooae4H>H npniviep cTape 
uoAuUfUJcne dpotcaee (Polizeistaat). B^iacT je CBe pe- 
ryjuoa^a, CBe Hapei)yje, y CBaoiTa ce Meuia, kcahko 
ro4 MOHce y6«ja CBany ^nqny HHHijHjaTHBy. IIo3HaTH 
aycTpHjcKH Bearater-H (kojh cy Bp^o .&y6a3HH h 
yc^y>KHH npeMa cTpaHijHMa, TaKO 4a mh je m&o uito 
o H>HMa HHaqeMopaM 4ara OBy Ma^o noxBa^ny oijeHy) 
cMaTpajy BocaHqe h XepijeroBije Kao 4HBwbaice, 
r^e4ajy Ha h>hx c seAUKe bhchhc (von oben herabl 
h MHc^e 4a cy aouiavi 4a hx ycpehe Ha cboj 
HaqHH h npeMa cbojhm nieMaMa. HeMa cyMH>e 4a 
ohh yHOce H3BecTaH nojumnjcKH pe4 h OHe Ky^TypHe 
HOBHHe Koje o4roBapajy mzaviu wby4CKHM uoTpe6aifa. 
Aavl aycTpHjcKa a4MHHHCTpaunja HHje yMe^a, h 
OHa to He Morae, 4a ca3Ha npaBa ocehan>a h 
^ornny OBora Hapo4a, kojh joj je cacBHM cTpan; 
y noje4HHMM PberoBHM 4e40BHMa HMa pa3^wqHor 
ocehan>a h MHuiwben>a h 3uor pa3HHx Bepa h koh- 
4>ecHja. Ochm HeuiTO m&ao BocaHaija n Xepijero- 
Baija, kojh cy nocTa^H Beamter-H ; CKopo hhko, 



28 fl-P JOBAH UBHJH'R 



y npaBOM CMHO/iy, He pa3yMe hh HapoAHH je3HK, 
uyH c^HKa, Koje ceJbauH qecro ynoTpe6jbaBajy 4a 
npHKpHjy 4y6oKe pa3.4HKe y cxBaTan>y H3Mefyy 
ce6e h aycTpHJcne a4MHHHcrpauHje, 4a je HCMejy 
h 4a MapKHpajy HenpujaTejbCTBO. BehnHa 113 qeH- 
Tpa^He capajeBCKe ynpaBe, kojh MHCAe 4a 3Hajy Ha- 

pOAHH J63HK, TOBOpe H6KHM je^Ba pa3yM^bHBHM raap- 

tohom cpncKora je3HKa, TaKO 4a je canine c H>HMa 
ce HeMaqKH cnopa3yMeTH nan MeniaTH MHoro ne- 
MaHKHx peqn 4a 6h ce qoBeK c H>HMa cnopa3yMeo. 
OBaKBa ynpaBa, Koja TyTopnuie n 03ro 4efcpe- 
Tiipa, HHje hh Morula noqeTH pa4 0340, 04 Hapo4a 
h 4a ra TaKO HaBHKne 4a ce caM 4HH*e. Hhth cy 
ohh pa3yMe.dn Hap04, hhth Hapo4 h>hx. To riOTnyHo 
Hepa3yMeeaH>e h Hecnopa3yMeBan>e yspoK je MHorHM 
KOMHqHHM cueHaMa, Koje H3a3HBajy omhpckh CMex 
y Bochh h XepaeroBHHii. HeKH 04 6ocaHCKo-xepije- 
roBaqKHX K&HmeBHHKa nocTa^n cy Bpjio nony^apHii 
npe4CTaBJbaH>eM Te 4HC0HaHijHje H3Mei)y Hapo4a h 
a4MHHHCTpaijHje, HapoqHTO 4apoBHTH Ko*rah, kojh 
je 36or Tora h ca4a y saTBopy. 

Ta TyropcKa ynpaBa HenoBep^bHBa je npeMa 
Hapo4y, cyMH>a y cBaKora, CTa^HO mnHjyHHpa h HMa 
m§ct§, cpehoM peTKHX, r4e ce CKopo TpehHHa CTa- 
HOBHHiiiTBa 6aBH imiHjyHamoM; pacno^ame ue^HM ch- 
CTeMOM M&Aiix cpe4CTaBa, KOJHMa 3acTpamaBa, npn- 
THCKyje, 6ou;Ka, y6nja CBami a/io6o4aH noKper h qecTo 
40B04H 40 oqajaH>a noje4HHue h noje4HHe rpyne cra- 
HOBHHniTBa. Kao npaBa 3aBojeBaqKa ynpaBa, noja je 
AOwasl no KOMaH4H,.no MaH4aTy EBpone, He no Henoj 
noTpe6n, OHa ce He 6pHHe 4a 4HrHe Hapo4 Ha bhluh 
4yxoBHH hhbo, h 4a ra Tano ce6n nptt6Aumiz h 3a 
ce6e 3a4o6nje. H saTO Hapo4 cMaTpa Ty ynpaBy 
3a HenpajaTe.f>a h MaxoM je 4y6oKO Mp3H. AycTpnj- 
cKa TyTopcna ynpaBa yMe hckom BpcTOM apTii- 
cTHqKe 4>HHece 4a 04Heryje 4y6ony Mp>KH>y K04 
CBOjiix no4aHHKa. Ta Mp*KH>a je to^hko jaKa 4a je 



AHEKCHJA BOGHE H XEPIJ,ErOBHHE 29 

ohh npeHoce h Ha cTaHOBHHuiTBo oao6oahhx 6&A- 
KaHCKHx ApataBa, r^e je OHa CBaKOjaKO MaH>e pa3- 
BMjena, jep obo cTaHOBHHiuTBO HHje Ha ce6w oce- 
th^o Ten^aK pemviM no^HijHjCKe ApataBe; oceha 
caMo ocTa^e He3ro4e, Koje ce jaB^bajy y OAHocuMa 
HSMefyy HbHxoBHx 4pmaBa h AycTpo-YrapcKe, a to je 
wnaK Man>e xeinKo. 36or xaKBora Hapo^Hor pacncao- 
men>dL HeMa hh y je^Hoj o6.aacTH 3eio>HHe Kyr^e 
pe^iaTHBHO to^hko H*aH4apMepHje h BojcKe, uoje 
T iyeajy Hap04, h TaKO MHoro pa3HOBpcHHx yrBptyeKba 
KojHMa ce Hapod 3acTpamaBa, Kao y Bochh h Xepije- 
roBHHH. Je4aH eHi\decKH no^HTH^ap kojh je npe r rpn 
ro^HHe nponyTOBao Bochom h XepueroBHHOM caon- 
iiitho mh je obo noy^HO ynopet>eH>e : AycTpo-YrapcKa 
je ynoTpe6H^a CKopo Ma^o Maibe bojhhhkhx cpe4- 
CTaBa 4a 4p;KH y noKopHOCTH HapoA BocHe h Xepije- 
roBHHe 04 1,5 MiMHyH, nero EmviecKa y Hhahjh, r4e 

HMa CKOpO 300 MlMHyHa CTaHOBHHKa. 

IIope4 onmTe HenoBep^>HBOCTH aycTpoyrapcKa 
ynpaBa BocHe h XepijeroBHHe 04^HKyje ce KaTO- 
^HqKO-KJ.epHKa^iHHM 4yxoM h TenufcaMa : He3HaTHe 
pacnpe h kai/iu,q BepcKe HexpnjbHBocTH Heryje, pa3- 
BHja m eKcn^oaTHme 4a 6h CTBopn^a HenpHjaxe^>- 
cTBa H3Mefyy KOH^>ecHja h Mor\ia ynoTpe6wTn je4He 
npoTHB Apymx. 36or anco^yTHCTHqKO-K^epHKa^iHor 
Ayxa cy npocBeTa h oniuTH KyjrrypHii hhbo hih- 
poKHX Hapo4HHX c./iojeBa jaKO saHeMapeHH. KaTO- 
^Hu;H3aM ce <i>aBopH3Hpa Ha HajpasnoBpcHHje Ha- 
MHHe. H3MeH>eH je y MHoroaie coijiija.AHH no^ojKaj 
CTaHOBHHiiiTBa h KaTOJwiui, kojh cy 40 OKynai^wje 
y noi\/ie4y HMyhcTBa h o6pa30BaHOCTH CTaja^H Ha 
40H>oj cTeiieHHuii 4pyniTBeHoj 4H>Ky ce Be^HKHM 
HanopHMa 3eMa^>cKe yapaBe h cpe4CTBHMa, Koja 
4aje neAO CTaHOBHHiuTBO, Ha HajBHuiH coqHja^HH 
uo.40}Kaj. IlpHCTa^Hqe 4pyrnx 4Bejy Bepa, Hapo- 
<ihto npaBocj.aBHe, CMaxpa h TpeTHpa 6ocaHCKa 
ynpaBa Kao rpatjaHe 4pyror h Tpeher pe4a. 



30 a-P JOBAH UBHJITR 



Hpe4CTaBwi>eHH 4yx ynpaBe oceha ce y CBaKOM 
npaBixy pa^a y Bochh h XepqeroBHHH. Ja hy He- 

KOJLHKO 04 THX npaBaija 6^HHte pa3MOTpHTH. npH 

TOMe ce Hehy cayHCHTH npoMaTpan>HMa h npoije- 
HaMa nojeAHHHX auhhoctu, jep Ma 4a cy OHa qe- 
cto Bp^o noysAaHa, yiome ce nnaK yqnHHTH 4a cy 
npHCTpacHa. Cjiyxciihy ce HCKjbyqHO 3BaHnqHHM hs- 
BeniTaJHMa h BBaHH^HOM CTaTHCTHKOM, kojh He 4ajy 
noTnyny canny o mhohim rpaHaMa ynpaBe, Hapo- 
mhto He o arpapHHM npH^HKaMa h o MnrpaijnjaMa. 
1. <J>aBopH3HpaH>e KaTO^nqH3Ma h hh<i>h.atph- 
paH>e 6ocaHCKor CTaHOBHHUiTBa CTpannM, noivia- 
bhto KaTo^HHKHM 40ce^>eHHUHMa BH4H ce jaCHO 

H3 3BaHHHHHX CTaTHCTHHKHX II04aTaKa. 

Ilpe OKynaijHJe je Typcna ynpaBa npe4y.3nMa.1a 
noiiMC a^n caMO MyniKor CTaHOBHHUiTBa ; ochm Tora 
110 H3BeoiTaJHMa Kam/inqKHx napoxnja 6wao je qe- 

^OKyUHOr KaTO^HHKOr CTaHOBHHmTBa Ha HeKO^HKO 

ro4HHa npe4 OKynaijnjoM oko 150 — 170.000 y rpa- 
HHijaMa 4aHaiHH>e BocHe h XepueroBHHe. AycTpnj- 
CKa ynpaBa je H3BpuiH^a Tpn nonnca: 1879, 1885 
n 1895 ro4HHe; Hepa3yM^>HB0 je 3aniT0 nooae 
1895 ro4HHe Hnje 6uao HHKaKBora nonnca CTaHOB- 
HHUiTBa. IIo nonncHMa, H3BpuieHHM nocAe oKyna- 
qtije 6poj CTaHOBHHniTBa no BepaMa 6no je OBaKaB : 

MyxaMe- npaBo- pHMoiea- 

roAHHe AaHan,a caaBHHx Toaniea JeBpeja Apyriix 

1879 448.613 496.485 209.391 3.426 249 
1885 492.710 571.250 265.788 5.805 538 
1895 548.632 673.246 334.142 8.213 3.859 
IIpoueHTya^HH npnpanrraj CTaHOBHnniTBa BocHe 
n XepueroBHHe 6ho je no BepaMa OBaKaB : 

Oa 1879-1885 r. Oa 1885—1895 r. 



MyxaMe4aHun ca 

IIpaBOC^aBHH » 
PHMOKaTO^lHUH „ 

JeBpejti ca • • 
4pyrn „ • • • 



9-83% 22-30% 

15-06 » 35-60 » 

26-93 » 59-58 » 

6946 » 139-73 » 

116-06 » 1.449-80 » 



AHEKCHJA EOCHE H XEPHErOBMHE $] 

KSiTQAatKO CTanoHHHUITHO paCTe ASKJe HO- 
HOpMa^HO 6p30, npOTHBHO npaBOC-iaBHOM, a Hapo- 

■jhto MyxaueAamiKOM. 

Ako ce 6poj ynynHora cTaHOBHHWTBa oaHaqn 
ca 100, OHAa cy uojeAHHe Bepe y cacrasy CTaHOB- 
HHiDTBa OBaKO yqecTBOBa.ie: 



roAnnc 


Myxawp.taimH 


npasocjaiiHi! 


KaToimn 


1879 


• • 38-73 


42-88 


18-08 


1885 


- ■ 3688 


42-76 


19-89 


1895 


• ■ 34-99 


42-94 


21-31 



ETpouenaT Myxaue^aHaua npeMa itejottyoHOH 
CTaHOBUiiuiTBy cTa.-ino ona^a, npoueHaT apaBoaias - 
hhx ocraje hcth — ohh cxarHHpajy ; jaKO pacre npo- 
ueHaT KaTOJHKa ; to 6h pamhetbe join nehe 6hjo Kaj 
611 ce aopeAH-io KaTO^H^KO CTaHOBHHtiiTBO npe OKy- 
naiiHJe c pesy^TaTOM GocaHcite CTaTHCTHKe 04 1895 
r. Joui 3HaTHHje oa KaTCMHKa pacTy JeBpeju a Apyrw. 

OBaj ce npou.ec uoitasyje joui ja'ie y Kaxo.au- 
Uiisiipaity BapouiH, y Kpjiuia MyxaMe.-iaHun 11 npa- 
BooiaBHH MaxoM cTa^Ho onaAajy, a KaTO^HMH, kojh 
cy HCKAyHHO cTpaHUH, He BooaHqH, 3aTHM JeBpeJH 
h Apyrw cTpaHuii HarAO pacTy. To ce bhah b h3 no- 
pel)eu>a nonaca 04 1885 h 1895 roAHHe. 



KaT0^HUH3npaibe aapouiH cTpanmiMa KaTciH- 
i^iMa BH4H ce jom y Behoj Mepn, Kaa ce ynopeae 
CTaTHCTHKe 3a 1879 h 1895 ro^HHy uinco-iyrHH 
SpojeBH 3a rjaene BapouiH). 



AHEKCHJA EOCHE H XEPUBPOBHHE 



H3 HSJOHcemix CTarHCTHHKHX no^a-rana AaKje 
H3Ja3H obo: 

[lpoiieiiaT MyxaMe^aHaua ce CTa^Ho cuiaayje. 

IIpoqeHaT npaBocaaBHUx ocxaje cTa,«m. 

llpoueiiaT KaTOJHKa h JeBpeja Har.10 pacxe. 

HcTHHa ii MyxaMedaHuti H npaBocdaiwn pacTy 
opoJHo, a,Aa KaTOJHiiH pacTy necpa3Mepno SHaTHHJe. 
36or Tora KaTOjHijH 4o6njajy CBe BehH 3na'iaj Kao 
Aeo ue^oKynHora CTaHOBHHOJTBa. Ako 6h ce Taj npo- 
uec pauiheita KaTCMHKa HaoTaBHO y pasMepn Kao 
iiito ]e pacxao 04 owynaunje 40 4aHac, KaxciHiw 6h 
Kpo3 iocxa KpaTKO BpeMe nocTa^n pejaxHBHa Be- 
hiina CTaHOBHiioiTBa — oho uiTO cy AaHac npaBO- 

CJaBHH. THM6 4aK4e IUTO KaTOJHUH SHaTHIije npH- 



34 fl-P JOBAH UBHJH*R 



paniTajy Bocna h XepijeroBHHa ce KaTO.iHUH3Hpajy 
h HH4>H^iTpHpaK>eM ry6e cboj 4aHaniH>H KapaKTep. 
BpniH ce AaK^ie npouec a/umaH OHOMe y BaHaTy, 
Ba^KOj, BapaHbH h ocTa^HM o6^acTHMa cpncKora Ha- 
p04a no4 AycTpo-yrapcKOM. Aau ce HHr£e Taj npouec 
HHje BpuiHo TaKO 6p30 Kao y Bochh h XepueroBHHH. 

ToMe npoijecy HHje y3poK Behn npnpo4HH npn- 
paiiiTaj KaTO^H^Kora cTaHOBHiioiTBa. Cpncna paca 
BocHe h XepqeroBHHe, 6e3 o63Hpa Ha pe-Anrnje, 
HMaiiOAjeAHaK npnpaniTaj. y kcmhko HMa He3HaTHHx 
pa3^HKa oHe H4y y npnjior npaBoc^aBHHBia, ochm 
y BapoiiuiMa. Obo cy npaBH yspoun Kam/iHUH3H- 
pan>y BocHe h XepijeroBHHe: 

HncfiuATpupaibe doMafiez cTauoeuuwTea crpanuM 
noraaBHTO KaTO^iH^KHM e^ieMeHTHMa, kojh ce MaxoM 
nojeAHHa^Ho HacejbaBajy Kao qHHOBHHijn, TproBijH, 
saHaiviHJe, pa4HHijH h pefye 3eMwbopa4HHijH. TnMe 
nor^iaBHTO BaponiH 4o6njajy Tyl)HHCKH THn h Ka- 
TO^HUH3Hpajy ce. Bpoj obhx 40cewbeHHKa Hiije mo- 
ryhHO TaqHO yTBp4HTH. A.ah ce hs 6ocaHCKe CTa- 
TMCTHKe 6ap obo BH41J. Ha a^h nonnca, 22 anpn^ia 
1895 roAHHe, 6vlao je y Bochh h XepijeroBHHH cTpa- 
Haua 70.848. Me^y H>HMa HMa 23.295 npaBOc^aBHHX, 
MaxoM jlnqaHa, kojh cy ocTaBH^H CBojy cHpoMaamy 
3eM^>y h Hace^H^H ce y Bochh Kao aeM^>opa4HHUH 
OcTaj.o cy 6h^h KamAHijH h HeniTO JeBpejn h 
4pyrn. 4°cejbaBatt»e KaTO^HKa h JeBpeja BHine Hero 
4BanyT je ja^e 04 npaBoa/iaBHHX. Ta pa3Mepa no- 
cTaje Hecpa3MepH0 ja^a, aKO ce 046nje 6poj npa- 
BooaaBHHx jln^aHa kojh cy ce y obom BpeMeHy 
O/iy^ajHO y BeheM 6pojy HacejiH4H. 

HaceA>aea7i>e crpauai^a Kao 3eMA>opaduuKa, uo- 
zjtaeuTO naroAUHKux HeMai^a, 3aTHM yHHjaTCKHx- 
PyraibaKa. 3BaHHqHH HSBenrrajn cy 3a6e^eH«H^H 
TaKBa Hace^>aBaH>a 1880 — 1884, 3aTHM 1890 ro- 
4HHe. y thm ro4HHaMa je Hace^beHO 12.460 TaKBHx 



AHEKCHJA BOGHE H XEPqErOBHHE 35 

CTpaHaua h nocTa^ia cy Hacea>a Rudolf sthal, Franz- 
josefsfeld, Windhorst ht4. 

Tpehn je yspoK pe^iaTHBHOM pamheH>y KaTcanKa 
uceA>aeaH>e MyxaMedanai^a u apaeocAaenux , napo- 
huto MyxaMedanan,a. BocaHCKa CTaTHCTHKa He 4aje 
noAaTKe 3a oho MHoro6pojHO nce^>aBaH>e MyxaMe- 
4aHaija 3a BpeMe onynaijHje h 04Max noaae OKy- 
naqHJe. MefyyTHM to je 6vlao 406a Hajjaqer nce^>a- 
BaH>a h MyxaMeAaHCKor h npaBoa/iaBHor. Y BehHHH 
BapomH Crape Cp6nje h MaKe40Hnje nocTOJe Ma- 
xa^e thx 6ocaHCKHX Myxaijnpa, 3aTHM MHora ceA&, 
kojhx HMa qaK Ha rpaHimn Byrapcne. Ja caM 3HaTaH 
4eo 3anaAHe Ma^ie Asnje Morao npohn roBopehn 
cpncKH 36or 6ocaHCKnx Myxaijnpa, kojhx h TaMO 
HMa y MHorHM BapooiHMa, Hapo^HTO Bpycn, h ce- 
^HMa Koja cy MaxoM HOBa h 30By ce qecTO BocHa-Kej 
(6ocaHCKO ce^o). BocancKa CTaTHCTHKa 4aje no^aTKe 
caMO sa AoqHHja He3HaTHHja Hce^E>aBaH>a. Tano 6e- 
Aemvi 4a je 1881 h 1882 ro4HHe viceAUAO ce )} Ha 
HeKHx 8000 4yuia (l . 4 a «^c ce »no npH^umHO no- 
y34aHHM no4aqHMa a 04 1883 40 1905 ucejiviAO 
32.625 4yuia. KapaKTepHCTHHHo je 3a Te>KH>e h 
4yx 6ocaHCKe ynpaBe 4a ce HHJe HHje4aH KaTo^HK 

MCe^lHO. 

HanoaaeTKy, nope4 obhx, HMa joni je4aH y3poK 
kojh cnpeqaBa yMHO)KaBaH>e npaBooaaBHor h My- 
xaMe4aHCKor cTaHOBHHuiTBa, HapoqHTO no Bapo- 
uiHMa. KaTO^HUH cy CTaHOBHHiHTBO Koje ynpaBa 
4>aBopH3npa h CTBapa My HapoqiiTe ya/ioBe 3a sa- 
pa4y h Hanpe40Baibe. To ce BH4H ho Macn Mepa 
Koje noqHH>y 04 HaqHHa KaKO B^acT TpeTHpa rpa- 
Y)ane pa3HHX Bepa, npeKO 403B0.ia 3a 3aHaTe h 
3apa4e no BaponiHMa, 40 bc^hkhx .*H<i>epaijnja h 
KOHi^ecHja, Koje ce 4ajy HCKwby^Ho CTpamjHMa h Ka- 
TO^iHi^HMa, na 40 nocTaBwban>a 4pncaBHHX hhhob- 
HHKa. 36or Hecpa3MepHO Temnx yoaoBa 3a 3apa4y 
OTejKaH je jkhbot upaBOOAaBHHx h MyxaMe4aHau;a 



36 A-P JOBAH qBHJHH 



no BapomnMa, ohh ce thmo cMau>yjy imh HMajy 
He3HaTaH npnpaiuTaj ; HMa 40CTa o*yqajeBa 4a ce 
noB^aqe hs BapouiH y ceaa. 

UocAeAihUM MepaMa je y MHoroMe apoM6H>6H 
uoMHH>aTH coVfUJajLHu uojiootcaj CTanoeuuviTea, h 
icaTOJinun, kojh cy 40 OKynauMJe 6uau y CBaKOM 
nor^ieAy Hajc./ia6HJH, nocTajy cb6 BHine npBH coitfi- 
ja^HH pe4. Join ce BHtue y tom noiMe4y *aBopH3H- 
pajy GTpaHH ksltoavuxr, kojh ce ochm Tora, Ma 
KaKBe HaunoHa^HOCTH npeTxoAHO 6h.ah, npo30fcy 
XpBaTHMa, jep to ynpaBa Tpa;KH, to je Haj^yKpa- 
TiiBHHje. H tom ce MepoM H3B04H pa34Bajan>e 40- 
jioBa HCTora Hapo4a. h to je 3a ynpaBy r^aBHO, He 
Tenure xpBaTCKora Hapo4a. H3a3HBajy ce npoTHB- 
hocth y cTaHOBHHniTBy h nor^aBHTO noMohy CTpa- 
Haua ncTaBH ce XpBaTCTBO h to Kao npoTHBHOCT 
CpncTBy h Kao noTnopa KaTo^H^KO-K^epuKa^Hor 
4yxa AycTpo-YrapCKe. 

HocAe npH3naTe aHeKcnje join Bnuie he oja- 
qaTH y3pouH, kojh H3a3HBajy HH^>H^TpiipaH>e CTpaH- 
ijHMa h KaTO^HUH3Hpait>e BocHe h XepueroBHHe. 
AHeKTHpaHe, OBe 3eM.be cacBHM ry6e Be3y ca cy- 
ce4HHM npaBoa/iaBHHM 4pntaBaMa h 4e^>HHHTHBH0 
nocTajy 4eo KaTOJinqKe 4pmaBe. OrpaHijH he ce 
ocehaTH cnrypHHJH, 40ce^>aBaH>e CTpanaua he 6hth 
jaqe, ohh he 4o6Hjara CBe Behn 3Haqaj. Mei)yTiiM 
je b$ao BepoBaTHO 4a he ojaqaTH nce^>aBaft»e My- 
xaMe^aHaua h npaBocftaBHHx. 

2. IIo SBaHHqHiiM no4amiMa 04 1906 ro4HHe 
HMa y Bochh h XepueroBHHH CBera 253 4pjKaBHe 
ocHOBHe nrKOJie, ochm Tora 70, Koje H34pJKaBajy 
upKBeHe npaBoc^aBHe h 31 Koje H34p>Kaaajy Ka- 
TOjiHHKe oniiiTHHe. V Cp6njH, Koja je MaH>a no 
npocTopy, a Beha no cTaHOBHHiHTBy, HMajy 1272 
ocHOBHe mKO^ie. CaMO y qerapn onpyra, kojh cy 
npHcaje4HH>eHHCp6nJH nocjie BepjiHHCKor KoHrpeca, 
HMa 227 ochobhhx niKO^a, CKopo oho^hko hcto 



AHEKOHJA BOCHE H XEPUErOBHHE 37 

KCMHKO y Bochh h XepijeroBHHH, Koje cy neT nyTa 
Behe OA OHa qeTHpn onpyra. Ha noaaeAH>e nope- 
i)en>e Tpe6a Hapo*iHTy na>KH>y o6paTHTii. y Hobo- 
na3apcKOM CaHyany h ocTa^oj CTapoj Cp6nJH, Koja 
je no4 TypcKOM h 3HaTHO Matba 04 Bochg h Xep- 
ueroBHHe, HMa caMO cpncKHx niKcua oko 240. IIo- 
^HaT je Be^iHKH 6poj uiKOJia y MaKeAOHHjn, Koje 
npHna^ajy pp^Koj, cpncKOj n 6yrapcKoj HapoAHo- 
cth. IIo 6pojy uiKO^a Eocna h XepueroBHna ce 
He caMO He Mory nopei)HBaTH ca Cp6njOM h By- 
rapcKOM, Hero 3HaTHO H30CTajy h H3a CTape Cp- 
6nje h MaKeAOHHje 1 ). MHoro6pojHHM chthhm Ha*iH- 
HHMa 6ocaHCKa ynpaBa OMeTa ocHHBaH>e h paA 

IipaBOC^aBHHX OCHOBHHX HIKOJia. 

Hcth oahoch ocTajy KaA ce nope^H 6poj y*iH- 
Tewba h 6yijeTH ochobhhx h Apyrnx uiKO^a. Y Cp- 
6hjh HMa 2375 y^HTe^a, a y Bochh h Xepijero- 
bhhh 810, h oa Tora 6poja BHiue oa 200 n^iahajy 
upKBeHe iHKoacKe onniTHHe. Cp6HJa H3Aaje roAH- 
niPbe Ha ocHOBHe uiKo^e 4,577.110 AHHapa, a y 
Bochh h XepijeroBHHH ce Ha h>hxtpohih 1,264.540 
KpyHa. y Bochh h XepijeroBHHH HMajy Tpn ApraaBHe 
THMHaBuje n jeAHa pea^Ka, a y Cp6njH 20 rnMHa3nja 
h pea^iaKa, oa kojhx cy 10 nyHe, a ocra^e ca 4 — 7 
paspeAa; caMO y noMeHyTa ^eTHpn onpyra, Koje je 
Op6nja Ao6n^ia noc./ie Bep-anHCKor KoHrpeca, HMajy 
^eTHpn rHMHa3Hje h pea^Ke. A&Jbe y Cp6njH HMajy 4 
yqHTeACKe, 4 TproBamce, paTapcne h BHHOAe^cKe 
h 8 niKo^e 3a BHHie o6pa30Bapi>e ASBOjana ; 3aTHM 



l ) Dr. J. M. Baernreither, Mitglied der dsterr. Delegation ua- 
nHcao je HenocpeAHo npeA o6jaBOM aHeKCHj'e jeAHy (Jpomypy (Bosnische 
Eindrncke. Wien 1908. c. 14) y Kojoj TpaxH h npaB^a aneiecHJy, aAH 
je anas Mopao obo npHSHaTH: ,ImSchuljahre 1905/6 hab en nur 14*33% 
der schulfahigen Jugend die Elementarschulen besucht. Uber 85% der 
unterrichtsbedurftigen Jugend wachat also ohnejeden Schulunterricht 
auf. Man kann sich vorstellen, wie gros die Zahl der Analphabeten 
im Lande ist.« 



38 fl-P .TOBAH UBHJH'R 



yHHBepsHTeT c 80 HacTaBHHKa h oko 1000 yqe- 
HHKa. Ha cpeAH>e n cTpyuHe nraojie h Ha yHHBep- 
3HTeT Cp6nja Tpouin npeKo 2,5 MH^nyHa 4HHapa. 
BocHa h XepueroBHHa HeMajy yHHBep3HTeTa, a Ha 
cpe4H>e m CTpy^He niKo^e ce He Tponin.Hn no^o- 
BHHa 04 OHora ko^iiiko Ha h>hx Cp6nja H34aje. 

IllKo^e y Bochh h XepueroBHHH HeMajy caMO 
Ba^aTaK 4a 4ajy HayqHa h KopncHa 3HaH>a h 4a 
4H>Ky hhbo ouuiTe npocBeheHocTH. y H«a^6aMa Koje 
cy npaBoaaaBHH h MyxaM64aHUH no4Hocn^H aycTpo- 
yrapcKOM uapy h 3aje4HnqKOM MHHHCTpy 4>HHan- 
CHJa H3HeceHH cy MHoro6poJHH 40Ka3H: 4a ce Ha- 
CTasa npe4MeTa y4euiaBa npeMa Te?KH>aMa 6ocaH- 
CKe ynpaBe, 4a y HacTaBHOM reAy HecpasMepHO 
npeo6^al>yjy KaTo^Hua h 4a ce Ha HajpasHOBpcHHje 
HaHHHe <&aBopH3Hpajy KaT0.AH4KH yqeHHUH, 40K ce 
npaBe CMeTH>e, Hapo^HTO npaBOC/iaBHHM yqeHHUHMa. 
H to je caMO pa4H npnHunna: divide et impera. 
HecyMKbHBO je 4a ce Kpo3 oiKo^icKe, HapoqHTO 
cpe4ft»eoiKO^cKe yij6eHHKe, KBapii cpncKH Hapo4HH 
je3HK BocHe h XepueroBHHe. To Mory h caM no- 
TBp4HTH: 36or HSona^eHor je3HKa ja caM c tcuikom 
MyKOM Morao pa3yMeTH noje4HHa MecTa H3 thx 
yi^6eHHKa. 

ynpaBa K^epHKa^tHo-KaTo^nqKor 4yxa HHje h 
He MOJKe 6hth HenpHCTpacHa npeMa pa3^H4HHM 
6ocaHCKHM BepaMa. Mo)K4a HeMa HHje4Hor ce^bana 
y Bochh h XepueroBHHH, kojh HHJe oceTHO 4a je 
4pjKaBHa ynpaBa p^aBO pacno^onceHa npeMa npa- 
Boc^iaBHOj i^pkbh. Hhhobhhuh ueHTpa^He ynpaBe 
y CapajeBy cy KaTO^Hun, CKopo HCK^>yqHo HHHcer 
o6pa30Ban>a, h to je Beh 40BOAHO 4a CBaKOMe y^nje 
onpaB4aHO HenoBepen>e o 6ecnpncTpacHOM pacno^o- 
}K6H>y re ynpaBe npeMa pa3HHM BepaMa, O^Max 
noo/ie onynat^HJe oceraAe cy ce jacne Te»cH>e 4a ce 
4e3oprann3Hpa npaBOC/iaBHa upKBa. AycTpnjcKH qap 
je y3eo ce6n npaBo 4a caM nocTaBJba npaBoa/iaBHe 



AHEKCHJA BOGHE H XEPIJBrOBHHE 39 

MHTponcxAHTe. 3eMaACKa ynpaBa y CapajeBy yTime 
jano Ha nocTaBwbaH>e CBeoiTeHnna He caMO upeno 
MHTpono^HTfi, uapeM nocTaB^eHHX, Beh h thmc hjto 
cnoco6HOCT cBeiiiTeHHKa h caMa oueH>yje, y3HMajyhH 
y o63Hp H>eroBO HamiOHa^iHO h ho^hth^ko noHa- 
uiaH>e. Ja HeMaM npocTOpa 4a usAomuM cue ihh- 
KaHe h Apyre HenpiMHKe, Koje ce qHHe npeMa 
npaBoc^iaBHOj upKBH. To je y ocTa^OM 4eTa^>HO 
viSAomeuo y qHTnpaHa Tpa MeMopaH4yMa, hito cy 
hx npaBoc^aBHe onniTHHe BocHe h XepijeroBHHe 
noAHOCH^e aycTpHJCKOMe uapy. 

IIpoTHBHO oBOMe, Ha CBe Ha^HHe ce noTno- 
MaHce w 4>aBopH3Hpa KaToanqKa upKBa, h to He- 
^oja^Ho, H3 ohuithx 3eMa^>cKHx cpe^CTaBa, Koja ce 
sa npeKO 4 /s 04 npaBoaaaBHHX h MyxaMOAaHaua 
Han^ahyjy, CMncao je pa^a OBaj : oho iiito je Ka- 
to^hmko to je aycTpnjcKO, to je h nor^aBHTa 6pnra 
6ocaHCKe 3eMa^>CKe ynpaBe. H3 TaKBora 4yxa no- 
THqy Miioro6po]He KOH3eKBetme, Koje cy H3HonieHe, 
He caMO 04 CTpaHe npaBOCJiaBHHx h MyxaMe^anaua, 
h y aycTpHjcKHM 4e.aerauHjaMa, Beh h y HeMa^KHM 
mypHa^HMa. Ilo3HaTa je KaTO^H^Ka nponaraH4a, 
Kojy B04e 6nino<t>H a Koja ce 04 3eMajbCKe B^a^e 
TO^epnpa. y Frankfurter Zeitung-y, J6 286, 1908 
ro4HHe, HBHecemi cy no4aan o 6pojy KaTo^nqKHx 
i^pKaBa y Bochh h XepueroBHHH npe h nocAe ony- 
nauHje. 4° OKynauHje hx je 6imo caMO hckojimko, 
a ca4a HMa npeno 200 qpitaBa, 12 MaHacTHpa 3a 
Ka^yl>epe, 1 1 3a Ka^yt)epnue, 7 pasHOBpcHwx Ka- 

TOJLIHIKHX 3aB04a, 11 THMHa3WJa H 800 KaTO^H^KHX 

Ka^y^epa, h to jesyHTa, 4>paHijHHiKaHaua h Tpa- 
nncTa. 

3. y Bochh h XepqeroBHHH je Hecpa3MepHO 
Man>e ypafyeHO Ha 4H3an>y eKOHOMHor CTaH>a ihh- 
Pokhx Hapo4HHx caojeBa ho y Cp6njH h ByrapcKoj, 

noMeHyro je 4a HHje peuieHO arpapHO nHTaibe. 
Hajuehu 6poj ceocuora cTaHOBHHoiTBa h ca4a 4HHe 



40 fl-P JOBAH UBHJHH 



KMeTOBH, kojh HeMajy HHMa^io CBOje 3eMAe. IlpeMa 
SBaHHqHoj CTaTHCTHqii iiMa: 

Be^HKHx C«io6oahhx ce^aKa KMeiOBa Ho-ay-KMeiOBa 

noceAHHKa (kojh HMajy CBOje (6ea hmjlio (no.ay-c.ao6oAHH 

3eMj>e) cBoje 3eM^>e) cc&aipi) 

2-13% 33-45% 38-25% 11-26 / 

KMeTOBH iL/iahajy 6eroBHMa no npaBH^y %, 
4pHtaBH 7io °A npHHoca aeMwbe. 3a4pH*aH je 4aiue 
noTnyHo TypCKH arpapHH chctcm, OHaj kojhm je 
iioa*eAH>H nyT peryjiHcaH 04HOC H3Mel>y 6eroBa h 
KMexoBa 1859 ro4HHe. 'A.ah, 40K je y Typcno BpeMe 
4eceTHHa Han^iahHBaHa y HaTypn, caa ce npeo6paha 
y HOBan, h to Bpjio qecTO no ueHH Koja npeMauia 
nnja^Hy. MajH ^hhoehhuh, 4eceTapn kojh npoije- 
H>yjy 4eceTHHy, HMajy 04 r rora H3BecTaH npoueHaT. 
IIIto Beha 4eceTHHa, to Beha 4eceTapeBa Harpa4a. 
IlpeMa npoueHH 4eceTHHe, Koja je CKopo pe40BHO 
Beha ho ihto je y CTBapn, TpajKH 11 6ev h^h ara 
CBojy TpehnHy. Ochm Tora cy npoijeHe 4eceTHHe h 
36or Tora HenpaBH^He uito hx Bpuie npeMa cBOMe 
Haxofyefiby Ma.Au HeKy^iTypHH qHHOBHHijH, He peTKO 
noce4HyTH BepcKOM mp;kh>om. Ha noc^e4»>y Henpa- 
bh^lhoct je o6paTHO naatH>y h J. M. Baernreither 
(Op. cit., c. 12). no3Haro je kojlhko oBanaB cpe4H>e- 
BeKOBHH cHCTeM noce4a h nope3HBan>a cnpeqaBa 
wby4CKy aKTHBHOCT h KO^HKa je npenpena 4a uinpn 
Hapo4HH c^ojeBH 40^y 40 MaTepHja^Hor6^arocTan>a. 
Aak r4e je hhbo npocBeheHOCTH Ha OHaKO hhckom 
oTynn>y Kao y Bochh h XepijeroBHHH, hh C./10604HH 
h no^yc^o6o4Hii ce^baun Hncy no MaTepnjajiHOM 
cTa»>y 3HaTHO 04MaK^H 04 KMeTOBa. H nope4 OBora 
cy y Bochh h XepueroBHHH yBe4eHe cbo OHe 110- 
pe3e, Koje o6h*iho nocTOje y pCTa^HM eBponcKHM 
3eM^baMa. 



AHEKCHJA BOCHE H XEPqErOBHHE 41 

nooae OKynaqnje je HacTao rpo3HHqaB pa4 Ha 
eKcn^oaTHcaH>y 6ocaHCKnx myMa, m CBane ro4HHe 
ce H3B03H Ha ^eceTHHe MH^inyHa KpyHa 4pBa h 
rpafye; 1907 ro4HHe H3B63eHO je xora 28 MJ^Anyua. 
MeHH HHje 6AU7ne no3HaT pa4 Ha niyMCKOj eKO- 
homhjh y Bochh h XepneroBHHH, slaia H3r^ie4a 4a 
to mije paanoHa^Ho eKcnjoaTHcaite iuyMa, Ka4a 
ce h nocAe TpH4eceToro4Hnm>e eKcn^oaTaqHje H8- 
B03H 28 MH^nyHa KpyHa 4pBa h rpafye. Ka4 ce 
H3Bese TO^HKa Ko^HqnHa 4pBa ro4HHiH>e, je avl 
Moryhuo to^hko oro^e^ior seMwbHiHTa noiuyMHTH? 
HMa 3HaTHHx py4apcKHx npe4y3eha, Hapo4H r ro py- 
4HHKa rBOHtfya, MaHraHa h yivba, 3aTHM HH4ycTpHj- 
ckhx npe4yseha. Te cy noodOBe npe4y3e^e noje- 
4HHe 4>npMe H3 AycTpo-yrapcKe, h pa4e hx Kao y 
KO^OHnjaMa, T4e ce pl>aBO pa4H, eKcn^oa r raTopcKH, 
c HaJBehoM MoryhHOM 406HTH. H pa4HHijH cy MaxoM 
40Be4eHn ca crpaHe. Hapo4 HHje yBe4eH hh y OHe 
noc./iOBe Koje yMe pa4HTH h^h Ha Koje 6h ce Morao 
HaBHha, h 04 noMeHyTor, CBaKojaKO 3HaTHor eKO- 
HOMCKor pa4a, HHje HMao npaBHX kophcth. 

4a^>e HMa, Kao y cBaKoj 3eMA>n Koja ce ooao- 
604H 04 TypcKe ynpaBe, y tomc HanpeTKa uito cy 
carpat)eHa MHora 4p}KaBHa 34aH>a h 4pacaBHH xo- 
tbaii (noc^ie4H>e je cneunja^HTeT 6ocaHCKe ynpaBe), 
bjlu je HecpasMepHo BHuie 04 Tora yTpomeHO Ha 
BOJHHHKe h >KaH4apMCKe KacapHe h Ha 6e36pojHa h 
pa3HOBpcHa yTBp^eH>a, KOjHMa je cBa seMJba Kao 
MpejKOxM noKpHBena. Ha noc./ie4H>e pa40Be h Ha 
MHoro6pojHy HcaH4apMepnjy, Kojy ynpaBa, Kao h 
BOjcKy, Mopa4a4P>KH pa4H CBOje cnrypHOCTH, TpouiH 
ce 3HaTaH 4eo 6yijeTa BocHe h XepqeroBHHe. 

4. HajBHoie cy xBa^>eHH obh pe3y^TaTH ay- 
GTpoyrapcKe ynpaBe: ^H^Ha h HMOBHa carypHOCT 
h KOMynHKauHje, Hapo^HTO 7KeAesm/iu,e. 06aqHe 
CHrypHOCTH 3a }khbot noje4HHaqa h hmobhc ch- 
rypHocTH HMa 36n^>a y Bochh h XepueroBHHH y 40- 



42 fl-P JOBAH IIBHJHH 



boahoj Mepn. A^h jo 3HaTH0 orpaHimeHa He caifo 
c*o6o4a .ahhhocth, Beh h c .10604a KpeTaiba, Hapo- 
mhto ohhx npaBOc^aBHiix h MyxaMe4aHaqa, kojh 
cy jaiera HauHOH£UHor ocehaH>a wak hoj1hth<ikii 
eHeprHMHHjH. Ohh ce He Mory CA0604HO KpeTaTH 
hh ii3 Mecra y MecTo y Bochh h XepiieroBHHH, 
MHoro MaH>e H3BaH obhx o6^acTH. 4 a ^ e s6or Bpjio 
pasrpaHaTe uiriHjyHattce h HeTa^HHX \\a\\ AattCHHX 
ninnjyHCKHx HSBeiiiTaja, jano je orpammeHa h kobi- 
npoMHTOBaHa ^HHHa CHrypnocT MHoro6poJHHx noje- 
AHHaua. 36or rora HMa Bp^o mhoto HepaBHonpaBHHX 
h cvmh>hbhx rpat)aHa. 

HaJBehe je HanperKe iiOKa3ajia ynpaBa Bocne 
h XepijeroBHHe y rpat)en>y xtedesHHua. Hac/ieAH^a 
je 04 rypcKe ynpaBe caMO ^Hiinjy BaH>a^yKa — 
4o6ep^HH 04 104 km. Hopjua^Hor Ko^oceica. IIo hs- 
BeuiTajy 04 1906 ro4- 6ocaHCKa ynpaBa je Hanpa- 
Biua sa 30 ro4«Ha 1232*2 km. »ceae3HHua ycKor 
Ko^oceKa. HocAe ujraMnaH>a OBora H3BemTaja 40- 
BpuieHa je meAesuuna, ycKora KO^ioceKa 04 Capa- 
jeBa 40 cpncKe rpaHHue Ha Bap4HuiTy, 4yra^Ka 166 
km. BehnHa je obhx }Ke^ie3HH^KHx npyra, Kao iijto 
ca\i H3BeuiTaj TBp4H, pat)eHa 3aBOJHHHKe noTpe6e, 
slak HecyMH>HBo Bpe4e h 3a TproBHHy h npnspeAy 
seMa^bCKy. Hene npyre cy ocTa^e nor^aBHTO CTpaTe- 
rajcKe, Kao OHa 04 MeTKOBHha 40 3eaeHHKe y 
Bonn KoTopcKoj, saTHM npyra 04 CapajeBa 40 
Bap4Hmra. 

IlpH3HaBajyhH OBaj }Ke^e3HHqKH Hanpe4aK mo- 
paM HCTahn, 4a je to onniTH Hanpe4aK kojm cy 
noKasa^e CBe 6a^KaHCKe 4p*KaBe aocjie Bep^HHCKor 
KoHrpeca. ByrapcKa je Ha np. HanpaBH^a Bnuie h 
pauHOHa^HHjiix Hte.fle3HHija Hero AycTpnja y Bochh 
h XepijeroBHHH. Cp6nja, Koja y tom noiMe4y HHje 
04Max noKa3a^a 3HaTHe HanpeTKe h ca4 hx Ha40- 
KHa^aBa, HaupaBH^ia je noc./ie Bep^HHCKor KoHrpeca 
wnaK 558*8 km. ace^e3HHue c HopMa^HHM KO^oceKOM 



AHEKCHJA 60GHE H XEPUErOBHHE 43 



(1*453 m.), Koja je caMO 04 eKOHOMCKor SHaqaja. CBe 
meAe3mme Bocho h XepijeroBHHe, KOje je AycTpo- 
yrapcna HanpaBH^ia, ycKor cy KO^oceKa. 36or Tora 
meAesuune Cp6nje caMO HopMa^Hor Ko^oceKa BHine 
ciajy Hero CBe 6ocaHCKe TaeAesuvme. Ochm Tora 
Cp6nja je HanpaBH^a 2703 km. Hce^esHHua ycnor 
Ko^oceKa (0*76 m.), a y rpat>eH>y cy 472*4 km. me- 
^e3HHua ycnor KcuoceKa. Cp6nja HMa AaK^e 826*1 
km. totobhx H^e^e3HHua, a ca noofleaKbHMa — y 
rpaljeiby — 1298*5 km. 

5.) IlpHSHaBajyhH 4aK^e OHe HanperKe, KOje 
je aycTpoyrapcKa ynpaBa y Bochh h XepueroBHHn 
yquHH^a, Hapo^HTo ihto ce Time MaTepuja^iHe Ky^i- 
Type, MOpaM HCTahn 4a ohh He CTOje hh y KaKBOj 
pa3Mepn ca r^acoM, kojh je o TOMe no EBponH, 
HapoHHTO no 3ana4HOj EBponH, paninpeH. BeniTO 
opraHH30BaHOM peK^aMOM y HcypHa^HCTHUH h jih- 
TepaTypn th cy Hanpe4UH npeyBe^H^aHH. Tbp4h.ao 
ce: KaKo cy BocHa h XepijeroBHHa Hanpe4HHje 
04 n je4He 6ajiKaHCKe 3eM,&e h Kano je AycTpo- 
YrapcKa H3BpuiH^a OB4e 40^10 ijHBH./iH3aaHje, komc 
ynpaBO HeMa paBHor. BocaHCKa je ynpaBa y34Hi\4a 
peK^iaMy 40 HHBoa 4pacaBHe ycTaHOBe. Hnje4aH 

BaJKHHJH TypHCT, a HapO^HTO K0peCH0H4eHT HOBHHa, 

HHje Morao npohn Kpo3 BocHy h XepijeroBHHy, 
a 4a 3a to npeTX04H0 He ca3Ha 6ocaHCKa ynpaBa; 
cBaKH je Ha rpaHHUH 40^eKHBaH, CTaB^ba^iH cy My ce 
Ha yoayry HapoqHTo 3a to 4pecnpaHH *ihhobhhuh 
6ocaHCKe B./ia4e, kojh y 04pet>eH0M GMHO/iy 06a- 
BeniTaBajy o 3eM^>n h Hap04y. IIpHpet)HBaHH cy 
KOHrpecn H;ypHa^HCTa ca cjaJHHM 4oneKOM h oec- 
iMarHHM uyTOBan>HMa. C bcahkhm HanopoM no- 
cTH3aHO je 4a cy casHBaHH HHTepHaflHOHajiHH KOH- 
rpecn y CapajeBy, Kao apxeodouiKH h.ah Kao uito je 
6n^a eKCKyp3HJa reo^iouiKor KOHrpeca. Memi je no- 
3HaTo 4a cy H^aHOBH OBora 4pyror KOHrpeca TaKO 
40^ei;HBaHM 11 cjaJHO roniheHH Kao HHr4e y EBponH. 



44 fl-P JOBAH UBHJH'K 



HnaK y penaaMCKOj ^HTepaTypn o Bochh h 
XepueroBHHH HMa nncaija 04 4Be BpcTe. Je4Hn cy 
ohh kojh XBa^e rocnoAapa a ynpaBy, Koja hx je 
6ecn^aTHo npoBe^a Hte.Ae3HHqKHM ^iiHHjaMa h Ha 
^HjaKepHMa necTO ca qeTnpn KOH>a h CHa64eda 
aoKAOHHMa ; to CBe, Kao y cpe4H>eM Beny, He naa- 
hajy rocno4a H3 6ocaHCKe ynpaBe, Beh n^iaha ce^baK 
BocHe h XepueroBHHe. toj Ma^o otmchoj K^acn 
acypHa^HCTa h 4pyrnx nncaija He Bpe4n ce 4a^>e 
6aBHTH. A^h je 3a Mopa^i Haniera 406a HHTepe- 
caHTHO 3a6e^eHCHTH, 4a cy TaKBH }KypHa.AHCTH 11 
nncuii y EBpoun npH^HHHO MHoro6poJHH. 

HMa h h6ko^hko qecTHTHx DHcaua kojh cy ce 
npeBapiLAH, h mohh ce hhhh 36or OBora: 

Hncy 3HajiH cpncKora jesnKa h HHcy 3a to 

HH C KHM 40aa3KMH y 404Hp OCHM 04pet)eHHX HHHOB- 

HHKa h Hapo^HTHx wi>y4H, kojh cy ooyqeHH KaKO 
Tpe6a apoB04HTH CTpamje h niTa hm Tpe6a noKa3aTH. 

Hncy caMH Ay6jt>e npoyqaBa^n hh 3BaHHHHe 
no4aTKe, HapoqnTO 6ocaHCKy CTaTHCTHKy, Beh cy 
no wi>y4CKoj HaBHUH h tpomocth pa40 npHMa./in OHe 
no4aTKe, Koje hm je 6ooaHCKa B^a4a CTaBH.*a Ha 
pacno^o»ceH>e ; a ja noy34aHO 3HaM 4a HeMa no^e 
3HaTHHjera nyTHHKa KOMe OHa Te no4aTKe HHje 
Hy4H^a. 

Aau H3r^e4a 4a je K04 noMeHyTHx qecTHTHx 
nncaua nnan G110 BattCHHjn OBaj hchxo^oiiikh mo- 
MeHaT. H3 3ana4He EBpone ce a&ko h 6p30 40^a3H y 
BocHy h XepijeroBHHy, y Hctok, kojh je BHine nn- 
TopecK, Hero 3eM.&e eBponcKe TypcKe. OuiTpoyMHa 
ynpaBa BocHe h XepneroBHHe ceTH^a ce 4a yBe4e 
je4Hy HHCTHTyanjy, Koje HHaqe HeMa HHr4e y EBponn; 
to cy T3B. 4p«aBHH, ^hcth h 4o6po ypet)eHH xo- 
Te^H, kojhx HMa y cBHMa BapouiHMa, ^aK h y no 
HeKOM ce^y. IlyTHHUH yjKHBajy y 36Mwi>MUiTy BaH- 
pe4He ^enoTe h HcTOKy HHTepecaHTHHjeM Hero niTO 
je Hctok eBponcKe TypcKe, a HMajy y noMeHyTHM 



AHEKCHJA BOGHE H XEPUErOBHHE 45 

ApacaBHHM xoTe^HMa cbg yro4HOCTH. To je oho hcto 
ocehaH>e Koje HMaMO Ha ch6hchhm h 4hb.£>hm Bpxo- 
BHMa uiBajuapcKHx A^na, Ka4 Ha H>HMa Ha^eMO 
nosHaTe niBajijapcKe xoTe^e, hai/l oho ocehaa>e Koje 
HOBeK HMa k&a r^e4a y KaBe3HMa, 6es onacHOCTH, 
h cacBHM komotho, HHTepecaHTHe h onacHe HU1BO- 
THtbe. H cnoHTaHO cmo 3axBa^HH 4pacaBHOj ynpaBH 
Koja HaM je to 3a40BOJbCTBO npnpe4H^a. 

CacBHM je He3HaTaH 6poj nncaija, kojh cy 
iipeno cbiix noMeHyTHX BeniTHHa BH^e^H npaBO 
cTaH>e, 6ap Ae^HMiiije. 



46 4-P JOBAH UBHJHH 



TapaHTHje h/ih MHHHMyMH noTpe6HM 3a whbot 

Cp6Mje h UpHe Tope 

CpncKH HapoA BocHe h XepueroBHHe 1874 
ro4HHe 4nrao ce Ha ycTaHan npoTHB Typcne ynpaBe 
a pa^H cjeAHH>eH>a ca Cp6njoM h IJphom TopoM. 

Cp6nja h E[pHa Topa cy 1876 resume caMe, 
a 1877-8 roAHHe y3 Pycujy B04i>ue paT c TypcKOM. 

06eMa 4pjKaBHuaMa je AonyurreHO 4a Ha Bep- 
,/ihhckom KoHrpecy M3Hecy CBOje >Ke,fce; yqecTBO- 
Ba^ie cy AaK^e y ohoj <t>opMH y kojoj cy Kao Ba- 
sa,Ane Mor^e ynecTBOBaTH. Ha tom KOHrpecy je 
pemaBaHO o h>hxoboj He3aBHCHOCTH h TepHTopnJH 
h HaMeTHyTe cy hm Bp^o TeuiKe o6aBe3e, h OHe 
cy hx, MOH;4a je^HHe 04 y^ecHHKa Bep^HHCKor 
KoHrpeca, cacBHM ucnynnAe. 

IIoc^e4H>HM qHHOBHMa AycTpo-YrapcKe 11 By- 
rapcKe Bep.*HHCKH YroBop je 40 Kpaja yHHiDTeH. 
Ma KanaB 6ho TepHTopnja^HH h eKOHOMHH pe4, 
kojh je 6ho CTBopeH Bep^HHCKHM YroBopoM, H>era 
je ca,4 HecTa^io, h y obomo Kpajy EBpone Mopa ce 

HOBHM yrOBOpOM CTBOpHTH HOB pe4 CTBapH. 

Ha ochobh CBera Tora, Cp6nja h IJpHa Topa 
HMajy h ^opMa^Hor npaBa 4a npoTecTyjy npoTHB 
aHeKcaje BocHe h XepueroBHHe h 4a nocTaBe CBOje 
3axTeBe. 

Aavi cy ynpaBO Heo4CMbHBa H>nxoBa cTBapHa 
npaBa. Oho Mopajy TpaJKHTi* ycdOBe 3a er3HCTeH- 



AHEKCHJA 60GHE H XEPIJErOBHHE 47 

IJHJy H eKOHOMCKO pa3BHJaH>e, Koje HM Bep./1HHCKH 

YroBop HHJe Aao. fbnxoBa cy eTHorpa<s>cKa npaBa 
Ha BocHy h XepueroBHHy HecyMHbHBa, BCAHKa h pa3- 
^HKyjy ce 04 uepH<i>epHjcKO-HaijHOHa.AHHx cnopoBa, 
kojh nocToje Met>y 4aHaum>HM eBponcKHM 4p>KaBaMa. 
Hanoa/ieTKy, AycTpo-YrapcKa HHje ii3BpniH.aa hh- 
je4Hy 04 noro4a6a, 36or kojhx je 04 bqaukux cn^a 
Ao6vias, MaH4aT 4a npuBpeMeHO OKynnpa BocHy h 
XepijeroBHHy. OHaj KyjiTypHH Hanpe4&K, kojh ce 
BH4H y Bochh h XepueroBHHH,#BH4H ce 6ap y hctoj, 
MaxoM y Behoj Mepn, y Cp6njH h ByrapcKoj. AycTpo- 
yrapcna je Beh caMHM thm uito ca4a aHeKTupa 
BocHy h XepueroBHHy npH3Ha^a 4a h>hxob noAoma,] 
HHje 4e$nHHTHBaH h oTBopn^a je nHTaH>e o 4e<M- 
hhtiibhom no^oHcajy obhx cpncKHX 3eMawi>a. CnrHa- 
TypHe cuao Bep^HHCKor yroBopa HMajy TeK ca4 
4a ra 4e4>HHHTHBHO peine. 

To penien>e Tpe6a 6ap y MoryhHoj Mepn 4a 
3a40BO^>H ocehaH>a npaBH^HOCTH h jby4CKor Mopa^a. 
Ako ce 4^,K^e BocHa h XepueroBHHa He Mory npn- 
caje4HHHTH Cp6njH h Uphoj TopH nrro 6n je4HH0 
6uao npaBH^Ho, h to 36or npoTHB^>eH>a AycTpo- 
YrapcKe h caMo AycTpo-YrapcKe, 0H4a hm Tpe6a 
6ap 4a r ni TanaB Met>yHapo4HH no^oraaj, 4a ce Mory 
C40604HO y HauHotia^HOM cMHc^y pa3BHjaTH. To 6h 
je4HHO TaKO 6hao MoryhHO, ano hm ce 4a ayTOHO- 
MHja, iipaBa ayxoHOMnja. MHaqe he caMa EBpona 
ynyTHTH cpncKH Hapo4 Ha nyT cn^ie, h oh he yno- 
Tpe6nTH npBy noBOwbHy npn^HKy 4a thm HaqHHOM 
pacnpaB^ba c AycTpo-YrapcKOM obo CBOje HajBehe 
HaunoHa^iHo nHTaa>e. 

Aak Ma KaKo ce ca4a peuiH^o 6ocaHCKO-xep- 
i^eroBa^Ko nHTan>e, Cp6nja h IJpHa Fopa HMajy 
npaBa TpantHTH 4a ce oa*o6o4e 6e3H3aa3Hor no- 
.AOHcaja h ohhx enoHOMCKHx cTera, KojnMa hx je 
Be3ao Bep^iHHCKH YroBop. Ila^a je Heno4ecHa h 
p^aBa pe*i o KOMneHsaijHjaMa, Koje Tpaace Cp6nja 



48 fl-P JOBAH UBHiH-R 



h UpHa Topa. OHe He TpajKe KOMiieHsaijHJe, Koje 
Mory hhhhth yTHcaK, Kao 4a cy 4Be c./io6o4He 4p- 
HcaBe BOJbue 4a ce norat)ajy h 4a Tpryjy c Hajoo^HM 
Ae^OM CBora Hapo4a. One rpaoice 6ap najoSuuHuje 
zapanruje ujiu muhumxjm repuropuje, koju je uo- 
rpe6an 3a n>uxoe omieoT u pa3eujan>e. 

Th ce 3axTeBH Cp6nje h IJpHe Tope Mory no- 
Ae^iHTH na 4Be BpcTe. Je^HH cy TepHTopnja./iHH 
a 4pyrn npaBo Ha KOMyHHKaijHJe. H jeAHH h apyrn 
cy o6pa340Hceaa tciukhm reorpa^CKHM h okohom- 
ckhm no^oacajeM obhx 3eMajba, kojh je npe^cTaB^beH 
y up bom o^eJbKy, h kojh noTHqe 04 Bep^HHCKor 
YroBopa. 

TepHTopnja^HH saxxeB ce TH^e jeAHora nojaca 
3eM^>HHiTa y Bochh h XepueroBHHH, kojh je Ha 
404aHoj KapTH o6eAemeR. Pas^03H 4a ce 6ani Taj 
nojac Tpa;KH obh cy. IbnMe 611 ce Cp6nja h IIpHa 
Topa, aeMJbe je4Hora HCTor Hapo4a, cacTaBH^e y 
je4Hy no^HTHHKy ue^HHy. 4°6ho 6h ce H3^a3 Ha 
Ja4paHCK0 Mope y CyTopHHH. Hanoc^eTKy 6h ce 
04BOJH^ieTypcKe o6^iacTH 04 AycTpo-YrapcKe h oh^o 
6h BHuie H3r^ie4a 4a ce cnpe<m 4ajbe npo4Hpan>e 
AycTpo-YrapcKe Ha Ba^iKaHCKO IIo^yocTpBO. 

TnMe ce Bochh h XepueroBHHH He c ihhh HHKa- 
KBa HiTeTa. OHe h 6es Tora 3a4pacaBajy HeKo^HKe 
r rpaHCBep3a^He nyTOBe kojh B04e Ha Ja4paHCK0 

Mope H KOJH Cy 3a KbHXOB eKOHOMCKH pasBHTaK 

noTpe6HH, 

Tom 6h TepHTopnja^HOM 30hom cakb 4p**He, 
kojh je npnpo4Ha h reorpa<t>cKa ne„iHHa, h no^H- 
thhkh 6ho je4H0CTaBaH npnna4ajyhH Cp6nJH h 
IJpHoj Topn. TpaHHua 6h H3Me^y BocHe h obhx 
3eMawba Hujua pa3Boi)eM H3Met)y BocHe h ,4p iIHe « 
HajBehn 4eo Te o6^iacTH, Hodpuwe, Hnje npnna4a^o 
Bochh h y paHHJHM hctophjckhm BpeMeHHMa hh- 
HH40 je uo^HTH^Ky qe^HHy ca Cp6njoM h^h Hobo- 
na3apcKHM CaHijaKOM, cTapoM PauiKOM. H y TypcKO 



i 



AHEKCHJA BOGHE H XEPUErOBHHE 49 

BpeMe, 40 oKynaanje, no4pnibe je 6uao y to^ihko 
3ace6Ha qe^HHa ihto je qHHH^io caHijaK 3bophhk 
h BepcKH npunaAa^io nc>4 MHTpono^HTa y 3BopHHKy. 
To ce BH4H h M3 cniica TypcKora reorpa<i>a XaijH- 
Ka.*<i>e, kojh je uncao y 17 b. IIoBpiiiHHa Te Te- 
pHTopHJajiHe 30He, Kano je Ha KapTH o6eAemena,, 
Be^HKa je 10.519*8 km 2 . IJpHOj Topn npnnao 6h 4eo 
bbaukvi ca CnimeM 4.773*96 km 2 , a Cp6nJH 5.745*84 
km 2 . CpeAH>a uiwpHHa je Te 30He oko 30 km. Ha 
HajyaceM Mecxy 6h 6w^a oko 9 km., a Ha HajiunpeM 
oko 60 km. umpoKa. Ha ohom 4e.*y 30He, kojh 6h 
npnnao Cp6njH hchbh 203.997 CTaHOBHHKa, 04 kojhx 
cy 109.067 npaBooAaBHH (53°/ ), a 86.593 Myxa- 
MeAaHUH (42°/ )> caMO je 8.337 KaTO^iHKa (5°/ ). Ha 
4e^y 30He, kojh 6h npnnao IJpHOj TopH HMa 113.120 
CTaHOBHHKa, 04 kojhx cy 59.371 npaBoaaaBHH 
(oko 53%), 39.773 Myxai^amjH (39'4 / ), a 7.443 
KamAHijH (oko 7 ft / )- Cp6njH 6h npnnajie Bapomn 
Bnje^bHHa, 3bophhk, Cpe6pHHija, B^aceHHqa, Pora- 
THaa, Bnnierpa4 h ^ajHnqe, a IJpHOj Topn <J>o*ia, 
JauKO, BuAehe, Tpe6nH>e h HeBecHH>e. 

Ha KapTH o6eAemeim nojac je HaJMaiba h Haj- 
yaca TepHTopnja, Koja Ka4 ce 04y3Me 04 BocHe 
unaK ca4pHCH npnpo4Hy y40JbHHy, kojom 6h ce 
MOiMa CTBopHTH KOMyHHKai^HOHa Besa H3Met)y Cp- 
6nje h IJpHe Tope, 3aTHM npeMa Ja4paHCK0M Mopy. 
3a npBO Mome 4a noaaymH je4HHO 40^HHa 4P HHe - 
4pyra T BajKHHja KOMyHHKaijHJa npe4CTaB.*>a homh- 
H>aTH CTapn TproBaqKH 4pyM, no KOMe ce y pa- 

HHJHM HCTOpHJCKHM BpeMeHHMa, y HeKO^lHKO CBe 40 

OKynaqnje, cpncKa TproBHHa KpeTa^a npe&ia Ja- 
4paHCK0M Mopy. Ta KOMyHHKaunja 6h ce Hajnpe 
Mor^a cnpoBecTH aoaviuom 4P HHe Ao ^oqe, 3aTHM 
peKOM CyhecKOM, kojom Beh nocTOJH nyT. 04aT^e 
6h npeKo noHHKaBa npe.zia3H.ia y TauKo. Hs Taix- 
Kora HMa 4pyM, c Bp^o Ma^o TepeHCKHx TeuiKoha, 
kojh B04H npeKo n^aHe h Bn^eha sa CyTopHHy. 

4 



50 A-P JOBAH UBHJHK 



Taj TepHTopnja^HH nojac j/lah 3axTeBH Cp6nje 
h LfpHe Tope HMajy H3BecTaH 3Haqaj h HHTepec h 
3a ocTa^ie eBponcne 4pxcaB6. Ako AycTpo-YrapcKa 
Ha raKBe saxTeBe bo^>ho npacTaHe, OHaa je TeK to 
b\>ao BepoBaTaH 3HaK 4a cy HCTHHHTa yBepaBaiba, 
Koja AycTpnja h k&a ocBaja, HenpeKHAHO ^aje, 4a 
He mhoah BpiiiHTH 4a.*>a 3aBOjeBaH>a Ha BaAKaH- 
ckom IIo^yocTpBy. 

Aavl nyT 04 Monpe Tope npeno <f>o*ie h Bh- 
jeha 40 CyTopHHe HHje 4o6pa Be3a Cp6nje c 
Ja^paHCKHM MopeM. Oh 6h 6ho 04 3Ha^aja 3a 
Cp6njy caMo s6or Tora hito 6h B04HO Kpo3 cpn- 
cKy no^HTHMKy o6^iacT h ocnrypaBao joj H3B03 h 
yB03 y TeniKHM BpeMeHHMa, HapoqHTO y c^y^ajy 
He3ro4a c TypcKOM ; HHa^e KOMyHHKaimja npeno 
Monpe Tope, Kao uito ce H3 KapTe BH4H, Aemvi 
cacBHM nepH4>epH]CKH, y 3ana4HOM 4e^y Cp6Hje, h 
He Mome HHKa4 nocTaTH n>eHa r^aBHa KOMyHHKa- 
quoHa h TpaHcnopTHa dHHHJa. 

36or Tora Cp6Hja Mopa TpaacHTH npaBo Ha 
KOMyHHKaanje y HoBona3apcKOM CaHijaKy h CTapoj 
Cp6nJH 40 IHap-n^iaHHHe kavi 6ap Ha Hajr^iaBHHje 
KOMyHHKauHje, Koje npos Te o6ab.gtu B04e npeMa 
Ja4paHCKOM Mopy h Koje cy Ha 404aHoj KapTH 
03Ha^eHe. To je Ha npBOM MecTy Auunja, TpacnpaHe 
4yHaBCKO-ja4pancKe Hte.Ae3HHije, Koja B04H 04 Mp- 
4apa, Ha rpammH Cp6nje, nope4 IIpHHjTHHe h 40- 
^hhom 4p«Ma H36nja Ha Me40By (CaH T>OBaHH ah 
Me4ya) h Bap. Kao hjto je no3HaTO, to je He caMO 
Haj6ojbH VLSAB3 3a Cp6ajy Ha Ja4paHCKO Mope, jep 
6h 6h^o npo4yHcett>e npyre, Koja «4e MopaBOM, 
ueHTpaannie CBy Cp6Hjy, CKynwba CBe npoH3B04e 
H>eHe, Beh je to ./lHHHja CBeTcnor 3Haqaja, jep 6h 
Be3HBa^ia Pycwjy, PyMyHHjy h 4oh>h ,4y H & B > Kao 
HajKpaha LHHHja, c Ja4paHCKHM MopeM. OHa iiMa 
Ty Hesro4y, luto 6h npn Kpajy oko Cna4pa h 40- 
H>era 4P MMa npo^asa^a Kpo3 ooaacTH Hace^beHe 



AHEKCHJA BOCHE H XEPlJErOBHHE 51 



Ap6aHacHMa h ApHayTauiHMa. Ilo3HaTO je Heno- 
Bepeibe OBora Hapo^a npeMa KOMyHHKaijHjaMa h 
no3HaTO je Kano ce oh a&ko y36y4« h 4a y36y4HTH. 
3aT0 cy upHoropcKH KpyroBH c npaBOM Har^ama- 
Ba^n, 4a 6h ce H3Bot)ett>e Te npyre moimo sOor ap6a- 
HacKHx He3roAa OTerHy™ h o^araTH. Cp6nja 
MOHcaa Ayro BpeMeHa He 6h Morula 406HTH h>oj 
Heonxo4HO h 6p3o noTpe6aH usasls Ha Ja4paHCKO 
Mope. 36or Tora je 3a Cp6njy noTpe6HO 4o6hth 
npaBO Ha rpal)en>e join 4Bejy KOMyHHKauHja, KOje 
B04e Kpo3 o6^iacTH Hace^>eHe cpncKHM Hapo40M. 
IlpBa TaKBa KOMyHHKaijHJa Hiiua 6h 40.4HHOM H6pa, 
npeaa3H^a y jIhm oko ILiaBa h TycuHba, 3aTHM y 
Mopa^y h 4ajbe Ha Bap. 4py ra 6h ^HHHja 6n^a 
H6apcKO-MopaqKa, Kano je Ha Kaprn 03Ha*ieHa. 
06e npo^aae Kpos o6^acTH cpncnora Hapo4a. Ha 
o6eMa 6h ce ^HHnjaMa HaniiL/io Ha 3HaTHe TepeHCKe 
TeuiKohe. 

4a^>e je Heonxo4HO noTpe6Ho ncnpaBHTH ijp- 
HoropcKy rpaHHqy K04 Bapa. 0B4e rpaHHua H3Mei>y 
AycTpo-yrapcne h Upne Tope H4e paBHHijOM h 
Kpo3 caM BapcKH 3a^HB, je4Ha HeupnpoAHa, ynpaeo 
6ecMHCAeHa rpaHHija, KaKBHx je Ma^o 6h.ao y hcto- 
pnjn pa3rpaHnqaBaH>a 4pacaBa, h s6or TaKBe rpa- 
HHije LlpHa Topa HeMa y noTiiyHOj B^acTH 6apcKO 
npncTaHHuiTe. TpaHHua ce mo pa THMe ncnpaBHTH 
ihto 6m ce IIpHoj Topa Mopao AOAaTH Cnnq (bhah 
KapTy) kojh je H>eHa Bojcna npe Bep^HHCKor Yro- 
Bopa 6uab, 3ay3e^ia h AOUHHje Mopa^a ycryaHTH 
AycTpo-y rapcKoj . 



— esse— 



52 A-P JOBAH qBHJHH 



CpncKM npo6/iem 

MojK4a y EBponn H6Ma ^HHiije noja pa34Baja 
TaKBe npoTHBHOCTH Kao ihto je ^HHHja niTO OABaja 
cpncKH HapoA c je^He a aycTpoyrapcny Moaapxnjy 
uavi ynpaBO ocxajin komd^ckc aycTpoyrapcKHx 3e- 
Majba h Hapo4a c 4pyre CTpaHe. Pa3^HHHa cy oce- 
haa>a, Muuijbevbe h nor^eA Ha cbot. To je to^hko 
pa3^H^HO 4a AycTpo-yrapcna, nopea BeKOBHHx 40- 
4«pa h B63a, HHje pa3yMe^a ocehaH>a h ^ornny cpn- 
CKora Hap04a. Obo ce noKasyje y cTa^HHM Tpen>HMa r 
HecyiMacHijaMa h aUTaroHHSMy. Ja Hehy OBAe 46- 
TaAHO npe4CTaBwi>aTH OHy ^y4Hy MeniaBHHy 04 40- 
6pnx h 3^ihx oco6nHa ? KOJHMa ce cpacKii Hapo4 
04^HKyje h Koje cy npoH3B04 MHoro6pojHnx 4>aKTopa 
Kao naTpnjapxajiHor HCHBOTa, HCTOHH>aqKHx yTH- 
uaja, npaBoa/iaBHe Bepe, HCTopHjcKo-no^HTH^Kor 
pa3BHTKa, ja&faMHo cy y h6ko.ahko h oco6nHe pace. 
Ami nocTOJH KOMn^ieKC jaKHx oco6i*Ha, Koje yraqy 
Ha 04HOC cpncKora Hapo4a npeMa AycTpo-yrapcKOj 
a s6or kojhx ce oh h y oKBHpy 4ya^HCTH^Ke mo- 
HapxHJe H34Baja Kao CTpaHO Te^o. 

HapoqHTO ce CBana aycTpajcKa cno^bHa aKijnja 
HMa 4a 6opn ca HCH^aBorahy 11 CHaroM cpncKe pace 
11 ibeHOM HecauoM^bHBOM TeacHbOM sa caMOCTa^Homhy^ 



AHEKCHJA BOCHE H XEPUErOBHHE 53 

yTBpt)6H0 JO 4a CpnCKH JCSHK y C.A060AHOJ yTaKMHUH 

ocBaja h iiinpH ce. IIo3HaTa je oco6nTa ^enoTa cpn- 
ckhx Hapo4HMx necaMa h janHHa hctophjckhx Tpa- 
AiiUHja. H OHe cy ce 3aje4HO ca cpncKHM Me^04H- 
jaMa pacnpocTHpa^e h ocBaja^e. Hapo4 HMa y ce6n 
cTBapa^aMKor, HMa OHy ocTpyry 4yxa, Koja HHep- 
Bnpa h qHHH 4a ce CTBapajy hobkhc Ka4 cy y 
nHTan>y HaijHOHaAHa ocehatba h Te;KH>e H>eroBa 
je y3ajaMH0CT h OTnopHa CHara Bp^io 3FiaTHa. H>e- 
tob HHCTHHKaT sa caMOCTa^Homhy je Tano jaK 4a 
K04 noje4HHaua KaTKa4 H3r\/ie4a aHTHCouHja^aH. 
Hajja^e je Mom^a pa3BHjeH K04 upHoropcKHx ot- 
MeHHx HeBo^bHHKa. Cp6H cy yBeK vimslau CBOje Ha- 
po4He H4ea^ie, h, Ka4 cy noTna4a^H 1104 Tyt)HHa, 
HHcy Kao Hapo4Ha Maca 6h4h y Tyt)oj CAym6n. Be- 
kobh 6op6e ca saBOjeBaqeM 04HeroBa^iH cy y cpn- 
ckom Hapo4y HamioHa^Hii noHOc h HauaoHa^HO jy- 
HainTBo, n BpnieHa je ce^eKUHja, Koje y toj Mepn 
HHje 6viao hh K04 je4Hora 6a^iKaHCKor Hapo4a. Ka4 
hm ce qjme HauHOHa^He HenpaB4e, ohh ra4a ocehajy 
y ce6n HeuiTo uito je jane 04 HbnxoBe cHare h 04 
pas^iora, kojh hm caBeTyjy y34P»t^>HB0CT. Mopa^HH 
mothbh cy y uiHpoKOj Hapo4HOj MacH no npaBH^y 
npeTejKHHJH 04 MaTepnja^iHHx. 

Ta h 4pyra ocehan>a, MHUijbeH>e h nor^e4 Ha 
CBeT noKa3yjy ce Bp^o HHTeH3HBHO 11 y HannoHa^HO- 
no^HTHqKOM npaBuy h 3aT0 ce, y TOKy BpeMeHa h 
pasHHx HCTopnjcKHx 4orat)aja, pa3BHO OHaj Mom4a 
Henpe6po4HB nowiHTH^KH aHTaroHH3aM H3Met)y cpn- 
CKora Hap04a h AycTpo-YrapcKe. 4y a ^ H CTHHKa ra 
MOHapxHJa h 3aTO He cxBaTa iuto ra y tom o6ahky 
HHje Hauua K04 ocTaanx cbojhx c^obchckhx na- 
po4a. AycTpnja ra je nojaqa^a KaT04H^eH>eM h no- 
yHHjahnBaa>eM qe^nx Kpajesa h noje4HHaua ? Koja 
je y paHHJHM BpeMeHHMa BpuiHwia, 3aTHM MHoro- 
6pojHHM o6ehaH>HMa oayTOHOMHjn, o caMOCTa^HocTH 
ijpKBe HT4., Koje je y HeBOAH qHHH^a a HHKa4 HHje 



54 fl-P JOBAH UBHJHTv 

04p>KaBa^a; y uinpoKHM HapoAHHM cAojeBHMa 113a- 
3HBa^a je HajBehe Hepacno^oH<eH>e thmg iuto je 
OAysHMajia Haj6o.*>e sewjbe 3a 4p>naBy hah sa Ha- 
cewi>aBaH>e KO^OHHCTa. 

Bp^o je qecr c^yqaj A& Cp6nH n upaBH Ay- 
crpHjaHaix, paaroBapajyhn o HauHOHa^Hoj uoahtjmxu 
h no^a3ehn 04 hcthx npeMHca, Aol)y 40 cacBHM cy- 
npoTHHx pesy^TaTa. Cp6n cy cbom CHaroM h cbhm 
6nheM cbojhm npe4CTaBHHim npaBor HamioHawiH3- 
Ma h TeH*H>e 3a cboj'om h jyroaAOBeHCKOM caMO- 
cTsuHOiuhy. CaMO ce Ha oao6o4hoj HauHOHa^HOJ 
ochobh MOHce ©TBopHTH jyroaAOBeHCKa Ky^TypHa 
ApmaBHa 3aje4HHua. 36or Tora He Mome HHKaKBa 
cTpaHa ynpaBa Hahn y cpncKOM Hapo^y ^oja^He no- 
^aHHKe. Ta 4y6oKa ncuxo-AoniKa oco6HHa h iMdBHa 
no^HTH^Ka upTa HapoAHe 4yiue oceha ce He caiio 
y Cp6njH, KOja je 6nBa^ia no4 CTpaHHM ynpasaMa, 
Hero hcto TaKO y Bochh, XepueroBHHH, 4 a ^ Mai * H J H » 

XpBaTCKOJ HT4. y HaJ4y6^bHM HapOAHHM c^iojeBHMa 

nocTOJH He caMO HenoBepeibe Hero MecTO h Mp»ttt>a, 
Ay6oKa, HencKopeH>HBa Mpaca>a upeMa saBOjeBa^y. 
Te:KH>a sa caMOCTa^Homhy HHje ce H3ry6n^a hii 
K04 noje^HHaua, kojh cy HaunoHa^HO nonycTH^H. 
HMa y AycTpo-YrapcKOj Cp6a, kojh cy ce auhhom 
BpeAHOiuhy u 3acayraMa ycne^H 40 bhcokhx 4pacaB- 
hhx no^ojKaja. HMa 4pyrnx kojh cy to uau o/IH^ho 
uoct8.au jeAHHO H3 Bp^o o6hhhhx HHTepeca. H je4HH 
h Apyrn pa^e, pa3yMe ce, y aycTpwjcKOM CMHC/iy. 
Aau K04 npBHX, qecTHTHJHx, HMa yHyTpauiH>e 6op6e 
H3Mel>y HOMeHyTe 4y6oKe ncnxo^ouiKe oco6nHe h 
Tora uito cy ce CTHijajeM npn^iiKa hsmhphjIh c 
aycTpnjcKHM jyroc^ioBeHCKHM TejKH>aMa; to H3MH- 
peH>e ocehajy Kao rpex h qecTO 36or yHyTpauiH>HX 
h cnoAHHx KOH<t>^iHKaTa jkhbot jKa^ocHO 3aBpine. 
Ako K04 ohhx Haj^ouJHjiix, kojh cy ce CTpaHOJ 
ynpaBH npeAa^iii pa^H kophcth, CKHHeTe CBe no- 
KBapeHe .^ycKe, i:ojiiMa cy o6aBiijeHH h kojhx Moace 



AHEKCHJA BOGHE M XEPUErOBHHE 55 



6nTHMHoro, HCKpcHe HnaK 6ap HCKpa OHora ^y6oKor 

oceha&a cpnckor, Koje ayray neqe h aiwpa hg 4a, 

IIpaBoc^aBHH cy 4aiMe y aeanHH ynopHH, He- 

IIOMHp^>HBlI npe4CTaBHHUH T6HCH>6 3a CaMOCTa^HHM 

HauHOHa^iHHM h Ky^iTyptHiM hchbotom h npaBoaaaBHa 
Bepa je eTHKera, Kqja Te Teaube Haj6o^>e o6e^e- 
Htasa. Aau ohh Hacy je4HHH to. Te TejKH>e h novAeAn 
cy Hanpe40Ba^iH h y noaie4H>e BpeMe 4o6njajy cBe 
BHiue jyroc^OBeHCKo o6eAem]e, nocTajy rejKH>a sa 

HaUHOHa^HOM H Ky^lTypHOM CaMOCBOJHOIIlhy h caMO- 

CTa^Honihy Jyaurax (XiOBeHa. Ca^a ce AycTpo-yrap- 
CKa caMO 40HeK^e Moace joni 4a noa/iyjKH jyroc./io- 
BeHCKHM KaTo^HqHMa h 4a 04 h>hx npaBH e^eMeHaT 
CBOje nojiHTHKe. y 4 a ^ Ma U H J H cy yB6K MHorn Ka- 
TOAimu 6h^h hcto TaKO jaKH npe4CTaBHnuw TeH^H>e 
3a HanHOHa^HOM caMOCTa^Homhy Kao h npaBOC^aB- 

hh ; y BHiue cy npHJiuKa hb 4 a ^ Mai ^ H J e > K0 J a J e Ha 
Mopy, hhjh cy CTaHOBHHUH LUHper xopn30HTa h 
004 yTiiuajeM HaunoHajiHe Ta^HjancKe Ky^Type, 
noTHua^n Hajpa3yMHHJH nor^e4H 3a cpucKo-xp- 
BaTCKOM HauHOHa^HOM caMOCTa^Homhy. IIoMeHyTO 
je 4 a cy y XpBaTCKOj XpBara h Cp6n noKa3a^H 4a 
cy He caMO pa3yMe.*H npeity uoTpe6y 4 a ce ysa- 
jaMHO Tpne, Beh h cnoco6HocT 4a 3aje4HHqKH pa4e. 
4o Hapo4a HMje h Hapo4He caMocra^HocTH 11 Kya- 

Type, He 40 4HHaCTHHHHX, K^epHKa^lHHX H Tyl)HH- 

ckhx HHTepeca. Bes Hacii^a ce, H3iMe4a, He MOJKe 
BHiue hh y XpBaTCKOj B04HTH CTapa aycTpoyrapcKa 
no^HTHKa. 

IIoctojh 4aK^e jacHO H3paaceHa Te;KH>a 4a ijeo 
jyroc^OBeHCKH KOMn^eKC 04 Jby6A>a.ue h TpcTa na 
4y6oKO 40 y MaKe40HHjy ^hhh je4Hy HaunoHadHy 
uejiHHy h pasBHja Ky^Typy Ha Hau.HOHa.AHOj ochobh. 
KoH<t>ecHje ce no4HHH>aBajy HauwoHa^iHOM npHHijany. 
A r^aBHy Macy Tora jyroaAOBeHCKora KOMn^enca 
mhhh cpncKH Hap04, kojh, ochm Tora, 3ay3HMa H 
HajnoBo^bHHJe, a ah 3aT0 h HajTeace, reorpa<t>CKe no- 



56 fl-P JOBAH UBHJHH 



dOHcaje, B04H iviaBHy 6op6y h no4HOcn rviaBHe 
HcpTBe 3a Ty H4ejy. 

npeMa ohhm Ay6oKHM ocehaH>HMa h npeMa 
HAejii Hau,HOHa^iHe caMocTa^HOcxn 04aBH0 ce jaB^a 
nao npoTHBHHK 3aBOjeBa<iKa aKijnja AycTpo-Yrap- 
CKe Ha Ba^iKaHCKOM IIo^yocTpBy. To je sano^eao 
HapoqHTO y 17. Beny h 40 4aHac ce c npoMeH- 
ahbom cpehoM HacxaB^a. AycTpoyrapcna Bojcna 
je Aonnpa^ia 40 CKon^>a h KocoBa h Mopa^ia ce 
noB^iaqHTH; y 4Ba Maxa je OKynnpaaa Cp6njy h 
Mopa^ia je HanyniTara ; ocBOjH^a je 4&-*MaijHJy, BoKy 
h ca4a BocHy h XepijeroBHHy. OcHOBa je Te ay- 
CTpoyrapcKe no^HTHKe OBa. Ta je MOHapxnja ca 
CeBepa, Hcrona h 3ana4a onnojbeHa MohHHM 4p- 
acaBaMa h Hapo4HMa, npe4 KOJHMa ce Mopa^a no- 
BjiaHHTH h HanyuiTaTH H>HX0Be 3eM^>e. Ako ce 
ca4a, Ma 113 KaKBHx MOTHBa, y h>oj jaBe Te>KH>e 'sa 
aKTHBHOM cno^HOM nojiHTHKOM, OHe ce Mopajy 4a 
ynyTe npaBijeM Fiajiiatbe pesHCTeHiurje, npe&fa Jyry, 
y o6^acT cpriCKora Hapo4a. Bp^o 4yro cy th mo- 

THBH 6h.AH je4HHO 4HHaCTHHHO-BOJHH4Ke aMSHIJHJe, 

a ca4 cy OHe r^aBHH areHc aycTpajcne 3aBOjeBa^Ke 
no^HTHKe. y HOBHje je BpeMe cKopo cth4jbhbo Ha- 
r^amaBaHO, 4a cy hm 6a^KaHCKe o6./iacTH noTpe6He 
h 36or ja^er pa3BHTKa HH4ycTpHje, kojoj Tpe6ajy 
nHjaue; Kao 4a cy HH4ycTpHjn noTpe6Ha repHTo- 
pnja^Ha 3aBOjeBaH>a n Kao 4a ce OHa He 6h Mor^a 
MHoro 6ojt>e h cnrypHHje pa3BHjaTH 6e3 no3HaTor 
OTnopa h MpncH>e, Kojy AycTpo-yrapcKa saBOjeBa- 
H>HMa npoTHB caMe ce6e ceje no ucaom Ba^KaH- 
ckom Ilo^iyocTpBy ! Ochm Tora je 04aBHo 3a4o6nja^a 
3a cBOje ocBaja^Ke n^iaHOBe KaTO^H^Ke Jyroaflo- 
BeHe, THMe ihto hm je cTaB^a^a y vlsvaqa yje4H- 
H>eH>e Jyroc^iOBeHa, pasyMe ce c KwiepHKa^Ho-Ka- 
to^hhkom eTHneTOM. y HOBHje BpeMe, npe4 aHeKCHjy 
BocHe, no^e^a je 4aBaTH o6ehaH>a, 4a he MecTO 
4ya^H3Ma 6hth yBe46H Tpnja^H3aM y MOHapxnjH, 



AHEKCHJA BOGHE H XEPUErOBHHE 57 



h 4a he Ty Tpehy ayTOHOMHy neAimy hhhhth Jy- 
roc^OBBHH. IIoc.AeAH>a n^eja uah o6ehaH>e caMO je 
cpe^cTBO 3a KOM6aTHpaH>e cpncKO-xpBaTCKor Ha- 
qnoHa^n3Ma h Te»cH>a 3a jyroo/LOBeHCKOM caMO- 
cTaJiHOinhy, cpe4CTBO 4a 6h ce viaKrae hjlh 4a 6h 
ce yoninTe MOivia hsbpiuhth 4a^>a 3aBOjeBaH>a Ha 
BajiKaHCKOM IIo^yocTpBy. 

To cy, H3ivie4a, mothbh h H4eje 4aHaiiiH>e Bpjio 
aKTHBHe aycTpoyrapcKe cno^He nojiHTHKe, o kojoj 
iihcijh 3ana4He EBpone, Hapo^HTo EHrjiecKe, 4p»ce 
4a joj je r^iaBHe apTe 4ao aycvrpajcKH npecTOJio- 
Hac^ie4HHK, Kojw je y 4aHauiH>eM 3aje4HHHKOM mh- 
HHCTpy cno^bHHx nocjiOBa Hauiao BHiiie peBHOCHor 
ho yBHt>aBHor noMaraqa. Ohh 4P>kg 4a ce noc^e4H>HM 
aKunjaMa o HOBonasapcKOj meAesnmxn h aHGKCPijH 
BocHe Bpahajy Tpa4HijHJaMa eHepnr*He iiojihth- 
Ke, Kojy je AH4painH, noTnoMorHyT BnsMapKOM, c 
MHoro ycnexa, B04HO Ha BepjLHHCKOM KoHrpecy. Ha 
TOMe cy KOHrpecy PycnjH, Ma 4a je B04HJia no- 
6e4HHHKH paT, 04yseTH cbh d4040bh no6e4e, 40K 
je AycTpo-yrapcKa, h© paTyjyhn, 4o6n^ia 4Be BedHKe 
o6^iacTH, h OTBopn^H joj ce join jieniiiH H8iMe4H. 
Ca4 je PycHja y cahihom CTan>y, ncijpneHa paTOM 
h yHyTpa join Hecpel>eHa; H3 thx He3ro4a, y ko- 
jHMa ce Ha^a3H Pycuja, Tpe6a eHeprwiHO H3Byhn 
CBe MoryhHe kophcth. Pycnja je, 4pace aycTpujcKH 
KpyroBH, quantity n6gligeable n raKBa he 4yro 
BpeMeHa ocTaTH. 36or Tora Mucjie 4a ce Mome bo- 
4Hth 4pcKa no^HTHKa 6es HKaKBor cTBapHor pucKa. 
AycTpnja je 4o6n./ia hobc CHare h HacTaje HOBa 
cjajHa enoxa 4ya./iHCTHqKe MOHapxnje. Oa/iaH>ajy 
ce y 3eMwi>H noiviaBHTO na 4eMOKpaTCKH K/iepHKa- 
^H3aM ; kojh ce cTa^HO CHaacH. noTnoMamyhH npo- 
i\aauieH>e 6yrapcKe HesaBHCHOCTH h KpajbeBHHe, 
AycTpo-yrapcKa to mije yqHHH^ia H3 Jby6aBH 4a 
oja^a Byrapcny, Beh je h to Mepa npoTHB Cp6nje; 
OHa noMatfte Byrapcny 4a cnrypHHje cnpeqn Teaca>e 



58 fl-P JOBAH UBHJH-R 



Beorpa^a h E[eTHH>a. EHrviecKH nncaij, *) qnje caM 
mhoah oB^e caonmTHO, 4pjKH 4a PycHja HHje oho- 
jihko a*a6a ko^hko cy npeTnocTaBH^H aycTpujcKH 
KpyroBH, ochm Tora OHa HMa caBesHHKa. 4&-£>e je 
OBaj imcaij c Heo6nMHOM HHTynanjoM occtho 3HaHaj 
cpncKora Hapo^a h hobbjc jyroa/ioBeHCKe CTpyje, 
Ha Koje je HanuiJia nodHTHKa 3aBojeBan>a aycTpo- 
yrapcKe MOHapxnje. OHa je y3e./ia 4a peinaBa cpncKo 
nHTan>e, HajHHTepecaHTHHjn, Hajsan^eTeHHjn m Haj- 
onacHHJH Aeo Be^HKor aycTpHjcicor nirraH>a. Calchas 
mhcvIh 4a cy JyjKHH C^iOBeHH AxH^iOBa neTa xa63- 
6ypinKe cHJie. 

HMa join je^aH, nosHaT yspoK, kojh CKopo 
HecBecHO tohh AycTpo-YrapcKy Ha 3aBOjeBan>a Ha 
EajiKaHCKOM IIo^yocTpBy. Ma 4a aycTpujcKH Kpy- 
tobh HecyMtbHBO MHoae h meae 4a B04e CBOjy ca- 
MOCTajiHy no^HTiiKy Ha Ba^iKaHy, ohh to **HHe caMO 
40 H3BecHe Mepe. LQto ce Be^iHKHx upTa h no- 
KpeTa TH^e ohh y cTBapn Mopajy 4a B04e no^n- 
THKy repMaHCTBa h HeMa^Kor IJapcTBa. To Mexa- 
hhhkh Mopa TaKO 4a 6y4e. AyoTpuja HMa Ha Ce- 
Bepy h 3ana4y Kao cyce4a BediiKy HeMa^Ky Haijnjy 
h ch^ho HeMa^KO IJapcTBO, orpoMHe HaijHOHa^He 
h enoHOMHe CHare, Koje je Ha Jyr rypa. Obo thm 
•/laKiue hito je AycTpaja cacTaB^eHa H3 MHornx 
Hapo4a, kojh ce CTajiHO Met>yco6HO rvLoace h 6ope, 
hito je y H>oj caMOj HeMaqKH Hapo4 HajMohHHjw h 
iuto nor^iaBHTO oh 4aje KyjiTypHO, y MHoroMe h 
ho^hth^ko o6e^ie3Kje 4yajiHCTHHK0j MOHapxnjH. H 
Ta npeTX04Ha MHCHja, Kojy je repMaHCTBO npeHe^o 
Ha Aycro-yrapcKy, cacTOja ce y obomo: AycTpo- 
YrapcKa pasrasH Hapo4e, KOJH4ofyy 004 H>eHy B^acT: 
H3asoBe 6op6e Mefyy Hapo4HMa h 4eaoBHMa HCTora 



} Calchas. The Problem of the Near East. The Fortnightly 
Review. London. November 1908. c. 735. 



AHEKCHJA BOCHB H XEPU,ErOBHHE 59 

HapoAa, pacaa6ii HaimoHajiHa ocehaita h hhcthhkt6 
h r4,e je MoryhHo HHOH^Tpnpa hx HeMijHMa M. 

TaKBa ncuHTHKa AycTpo-yrapcKe ca CBHMa mo- 
THBHMa. h cpeACTBHMa , Koja cy npeACTaBAeHa, 
cxyuHJia je y HOBy <*>a3y hchbc aKijHje. rioqejia je ho- 
BonaaapcKOM >Ke^e3HHu,0M, 3aTHM aHeKcnjoM BocHe 
h Xepi^eroBHHe, KOje cy no no^OHcajy h no BpeAHO- 
cth h KQMno3Hi^HJH HapoAa Kwby^ 3a peinen>e cpn- 
CKora npo6^ieMa. TnMe je 3ano^eo cy^ap H3Met)y 
n^eje cpncKO - xpBaTCKor HaijH0Ha./iH8Ma h caMO- 
CTajiHOCTH h aycTpHJCKe ocBaja^Ke nojiRTHKe, Koja 
je paAH pac4a6AaBaH>a Jyroa/ioBeHa h jiaKiner npo- 
AiipaH>a HCTaK^a HAejy KJiepHKa^Ho - Kam/LH^Kor 
jyroc^OBeHCTBa. 036hvI>hoct h Be^HKy HCTopnjcKy 
BaH^HOCT oBora cyAapa yBHfyajy caAa He caMo Cp- 
6nja, IJpHa Topa h cpncKH HapoA, Hero h BehwHa 
ocTa^Hx JyacHHx CUoBeHa. 

Cbh TeuiKH Aorat)ajH, kojh ce y noc./ieAH>e BpeMe 
bha£ Ha C^iOBeHCKOM Jyry, caMO cy 3Haun 6op6e H3- 
Mefyy obhx ABejy HAeja. y Ty rpyny cnaAa nooiirrpa- 
Ban>e onncaHor HecHocHor pe;KHMa y Eochh, CTBapan>e 
^BejeHSAajHHHKe 11 a<i>epe h xanmeft»e Cp6a y MacaMa 
y XpBaTCKoj, ynoTpe6jbaBaH>e cbhx cpeACTaBa, Aa 
ce pa36«je cpucKO-xpBaTCKa Koa./iHUHja ; H3HoineH>e 

HaJHOBHJHX 6eCKpaJHO HeHCTMHHTHX B6CTH O Cp6HJH 2 } 

hta. Beh oa Ay>Ker BpeMeHa je AaK^ie HacTa^ia Ta 
4>aTa^iHa 6op6a, y kojoj naTe nojeAHHqw h nopo- 
A*me a Ky^Typno urreTyje He ca»io h na npBOM 
MecTy cpncKH HapoA, 3aTHM ocTajiH JyacHH CUoBeHH, 



1 ) Mos^a je jeABa noTpeo*HO uoMeHyTH Aa nHcau, ho caMO Aa HHJe 
npoTHBHHK BHcoKe HeMaiice Ey-nype, Beh apkh Aa je M-iaAH 6aAKaHCKH 
HapoAH, qyBajyhn CBOje Hai^HOHaAae oco()HHe, ipe6a y cboj aj^urr a& 
npoy^e h npHMajy. 

2 ) Ty MeiOAy h E»eHe peiy-waie OKapaKTepncao je oco6hto Andr6 
Cheradame (L'Europe et la question d'Autriche. Paris. 1901. p. X) : »Ces 
alterations de la v6rit6, continues mSthodiquement pendant des ann£es 
produisent dos rSsultats extraordinaires*. 



60 fl-P JOBAH UBHJHTv 



Beh h caMaAycTpo-yrapcna. Bp^o sHaxaH 4eo eHep- 
raje cpncKora Hapo4a 04aBHo je 3ay3er tom 6op6oM, 
a HOBHje reHepaiiHje ce n>oj noiviaBHTO nocBehyjy. 
Bpjio Ma^LO HaqHOHa^He eHepraje MOJKe 4a ce ynyra 
Ha Ky^iTypHH pa4. IJeo Ky^TypHii pasBHTaK je4Hora, 
HecyMH>HBO 4apoBHTora Hapo4a Be3aH je 6op6oM 
3a caMOCTa^iaH HauHOHa^HO-nojiHTHHKH oncTanaK. 
06pHyTO cBa cno^bna aKijHja AycTpo-YrapcKe 
Be3aHa je cpncKHM Hapo40M h cpncKHM npo6^eMOM. 
TnMe je CBa MOHapxnja He caMO CTa^HO oc^a6^>eHa, 
Beh ce usAB,rtie onacHOCTH, 4a H3a30Be ueo T3B. 
aycTpnjcKH npo6jieM. Ca4 je Beh none^ia 4a ry6n 
CHMnaTuje Ha cBHMa cTpanaMa, jep cy H>eHH ocBa- 
jaqKH nJiaHOBH nocTa^H jacHH, 3aTHM iuto je CTa- 
BJb&Aa. h ca4 cTaB^ba 3axTeBe, kojh cy cpncKOM 
Hapo4y MpcKH a^in cy HecHMnaTHUHH h MHorHM 
4pyrHM 4pa^aBaMa h Hapo4HMa: 4a ce Cp6Hja 
h IJpHa Topa He CMejy TepHTopnja^HO cacTaBHTii 
h Tpy4H^ia ce pi Tpy4H ce 4a OBe 4Be 4pma- 
BHue He 4o6HJy npnpo4He rpaHHije; y o6^iacTHMa 
cpncKO-xpBaTCKora Hapo4a, Koje 4pHcn 004 cbojom 
B^amhy, pa4n je4aH 3^o^ecT nocao: pasBHja Bepcny 
HeTO^epaHqHjy h pa34Baja h OTyt)yje 4Ba 4e^a 
HCTora Hapo4a; TWMe je 40B04HJia saonupeHOCT h 
40 rpafyaHCKor paTa, Kao ihto je 6vlao y 3arpe6y y 
cenTeM6py 1902 ro4«He. LQto noKa3yje jaqe meA>e 
3a 3aBOjeBan>eM cpncKora Hapo4a h 3aBOjeBaBa 
ra, Kao ca4 BocHy h XepueroBHHy, to cBe Behy 
MpjKH>y npoTHB ce6e H3a3HBa. O4 no^HTH^Kor 3a- 
BojeBaH>a h no^HTH^Kor npHTHCKa He caMO 4a 
HeMa KopncTH, Beh HMa nrreTe y CBHMa npaBijHMa — 
40 npaB.fc>en>a CMeTH>a h cnpe^aBaita CBora BJiacTH- 
Tor H3B03a. H aKO 611 ce 4ecHJio 4a 04p*KH hjlh 
h 4a^e ocbojh Kojy 3eMAy cpncKora nap04a, 0Ha 
He MOJKe HHKa4 3a4o6n™ H>eroBy 04aH0CT. To 
HacH^Ho 3ay3ehe MHoro He Bpe4n h 4yro ce 
He 4P>kh; 6ap AycTpnja y TOMe HMa HCKycTBa. 



AHEKCHJA BOCHE H XEPIJErOBHHE 61 

36or npeACTaBAeHHx 4y6oKHX ncHXHHKHX oco6HHa 
cpncKora Hap04a h Heca^OM^HBe Temibe 3a canio- 
CTayiHoiuhy, HeMa Ha toj 3aBOjeBa*iKoj ochobh hh 
H3MapeH>a hh peineiba. H*4a ocbojh cpncKH Hapo4, 
oh he ce 36or h3^ohc6hhx oco6nHa oneT uobo.£>i|Om 
npn^iHKOM 4nhn h ocHOBTaTH CBOjy HauHOHa^iHy 
ApacaBy. AycTpo-yrapcica 6h 6uab, 34paBHja h jana 
Ka4 ne caMO He 6h 4a.&e 3aBojeBa*iKe Hana^e Ha 
cpncKH Hapo4 BpuiH^ia, Beh Ka4 6h OABojn^a 04 ce6e 
h OHe 4e^0Be Koje ca4a 4p>KH. OcTajia BejuiKa Tepa- 
TopHja 4ya./iHCTHHKe MOHapxnje, c Hapo4HMa kojh 
cy ce je4aH Ha 4pyra Man>e BHHie HaBHiMH, ocTa^a 
6h MnpHa h ocnrypaHa sa Ky^iTypHH h eKOHOMCKH 
pa4. CpncKH Hapo4, Kao 4pjKaBHa ijejiHHa, CTynno 
6h c 4ya^HCTH^K0M MOHapxHjoM, Ka4 HeMa ocBa- 
ja^KPix HaMepa, y HaJHHTHMHHje KyATypue h eKO- 
HOMCKe Be3e. 

O4 jyjKHe HeMa^Ke rpamnje 40 U,apHrpa4a 
npocTiipe ce o6^iacT MaitHX Hapo4a npoTHBHO 
HCT04H0J, cpe4H>oj h 3ana4HOj EBpOHH, o6^iacTH 
Be^iHKHx Hapo4a. Ha ohom npocTopy HeMa jooi 
ycTaH>eHHX 4pHcaBa h <*>opMHpaHHx Hapo4a. OBe 
je to y CTBapan>y, a^H ce ca4a cTBapa, h Tenute 
cpncKora Hapo4a 3a Hai^HOHa^iHOM neAvmou 4o6n^e 
cy y cbhm H>eroBHM 4e^iOBHMa npeijH3aH o6jlhk. 
Te H4eje He 6h MOHtAa Moivia 3aycTaBHTH hh je4Ho- 
CTaBHHja cvias. ho uito je AycTpo-yrapcna, Koja 11 
caMa Mopa npo^ia3HTH Kpo3 HOBe Kpn3e h npoijece, 
ociim 4aHauin>Hx hito ce y H>oj Bpuie. Aaii Hwje 
BepoBaTHo 4a he KJLepHKajLHO-4HHacTH*iHa AycTpo- 
YrapcKa, c no3HaroM cbojom 6npoKpaTHjoM , c 

OHOM CyBOM nOJLHIJHJCKOM a4MHHHCTpaiJHJOM, Koja 

je np£4CTaB.£>eHa (c. 27 — 29), Haahn Ha xyMaHe n 
Ky^iTypHe nyTOBe, o KoJHMa caM 4p;Kao 4a hx ipe6a 
npn Kpajy OBe pacnpaBe HaiviacHTH. JX&jbe, nosHaTa 
je OHa oco6iiHa ^>y4CKe npnpo4e no kojoj ce qecTO 
Kao CTBap qacTH noje4HHija hjlh 4p>KaBe nocTaBH 



62 A-P JOBAH UBHJHTv 



oho inTO hm HajBHuie 1UK04H. 3aT0 he 0£rOBOp- 
hoct sa 4orat)aje, kojh he HacTynHTH, nacTH caMO 
Ha AycTpo-yrapcKy. 

CpucKu ce upo6j,eM*Mopa pewuTu cuaom. 06e 
cpncue 4P>KaBHae Mopajy ce norjiaBHTo bojho h 
npocBeTHO HajHCHB^e cnpeMaTH, o^pmaBaTH Hamio- 
Ha^Hy eHeprajy y saBOjeBaHHM 4e.iOBHMa cpncKora 
Hapo^a h apBy, no^e noBO^Hy, npnjiHicy ynoTpe6nTn 
4a pacnpaB.&ajy cpncKO nHxaibe c AycTpo-YrapcKOM. 



nperjieA caAP>KifHe 

CTpaHa 

Yboji 3 

I — reorpa(J)CKH h ckohomckh nojioxaj Cp6HJe 5 

II — 3Hanaj BocHe h XepueroBHHe 3a cpncKH Hapcn ■ • • 16 

III — Hyx h CMHcao aycTpoyrapcne ynpaBe y Bochh • • • 25 

IV — TapaHTHJe hjih MHHHMyMH noTpe6HH 3a xchbot Cp6HJe h 

UpHe Tope 46 

V — CpncKH npo6jieM 52 



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